Alexis de Tocqueville Essay

What is Alexis de Tocqu darknessles assessment of the verbalise of range traffic in the US? What kinds of futures did he predicts for the different cultural groups? Were his predictions holy?Alexis de Tocqueville was seen as the first real sociologist to appear in the coupled States. His studies were ground on the Ameri force out social club and cultures. He was the first individual that reflects his studies were found on everything he had seen in society to show state of extend dealing in the U.S conditions of new the Statesn world. Tocquevilles book commonwealth in the States in 1830s which he described America as absolute state 3. He uses comparative method in coif for him to observe, comp ar American with Europe, as well as ethnography interrogation achieve an insight of American political system, racial structure on different cultural groups. Tocquevilles assessment of the state of race relations in the United States is understand peoples life-styles e.g. ind ividuals from different sociality such(prenominal) as indigene Americans and Afro-Americans. However, Tocqueville was writing in the 1830s where thrall was abolished in the due northbound that the preoccupation minds has not changed 4 majority of albumen individuals has not changed their whims active slavery so they were very hostile towards African-Americans and natural Americans. Although he argues that north were far more accepting of American-Americans to granted their license than the federation because they tweed-hotwash see the black race is relegated at that placefore, increase its rigors as theyre stir by the stem of slavery abolishment. Tocqueville forget argue that this creates unsettled purlieu in the United States. In this essay, I impart be arguing, Tocquevilles perspectives, trusts and predications on the United States to see if it was/is accurate, or one-sided. This leave alone be through with(p) in a comparative, coherent argument to analy se argument compared with the authoritative contemporary affairs of the United States. The purpose of this essay to use contemporary information to compare and contrast the current situations of both African-Americans and Native American in the United State to sees state of race relations, ethnic groups is correct the same, has there been improvement or deterioration since Tocquevilles writing period.Tocqueville believes that democracy could be the chief(prenominal) reason of state of race relations in American because it builds on the idea of racial differentiations. He believes that res publica scenerys opposite races assubstandard. This pull up stakes then contribute the ideas of the oppressions and segregation of ethnic groups exchangeable the Native Americans and African-Americans because according to clean-living individuals they had no rights, no freedom and opinion in society. It creates a division between races, constructs racial hierarchy leads to ethnic minority groups the likes of Native Americans and African-Americans bottom of the racial hierarchy. Consequently, Tocqueville views on state of race relations as apprehensive but, yet he believes that the face cloth man, European man race is excellence, below him appear the Negro and the Indian 4.Tocqueville supports the idea that some races such as European races were at the top because they were superior, has extremely intellectual skills. While, new(prenominal) races like, Native Americans and African-Americans viewed as inferior because he believes that they had start intellectual skills. Because of this Tocqueville is biased, because, he, himself is part of the fair European race which makes superior. Although, he suggests that democracy lands the mind sets of ethnic minorities which makes individuals forgets about their ancestors African-Americans and their descendants Native-Americans so, leads to ethnic groups who does not need every identity/identities.He argues that this is what is happening in America in terms state of race relations because the white individuals has manipulated, corrupted the minds of new(prenominal) ethnic groups. During, the Tocqueville writing period Native Americans were seen as savages and African-Americans were seen as properties, in hard labour. He argues that both race groups were seen as dispute, dispossessions, and considered as inhuman. social groups were viewed as part of the animal kingdom he believes the reason wherefore they were inured like an animals. For instance he describes the Europeans as the top man of otherwise races is to make them animals? White Europeans serve his purpose and when he cannot bend them he destroys them In other words, Tocqueville implies that maybe no-one from white race get out ever sympathises with the two ethnic races, so it was acceptable for any white individual to do any(prenominal) they intended to do with domestic Americans and African-Americans because their race, their live s were seen as irrelevant, unimportant living in the land of America. Both ethnic minority groups did not return any rights or equalities like the white individuals did. Tocqueville see Native Americans and African-Americans (slaves) are connected to democracy because they were both socially excluded part ofdemocracy side of society. Tocqueville argues that opinions like this then leads to democracy existence based on the idea slavery of African-Americans viewing it as satisfactory. Democracy subsidises the idea of racial segregation, racial transcendency and divisions of races which he suggests could be a great danger to society.In addition, Tocqueville precept the state of race relations against Native Americans was overwrought, they had an instinctive love of their indwelling country attaches them to the soil that has seen them born and they in a flash find nothing there but misery and death. (4). In other words, Tocqueville believed that their homeland is straight off oc cupied by the white individuals until the end of their lives or, perhaps, the inevitable destruction of the Native Americans. For the reason that the idea of westward expansion meant that Native Americans had been forced to go away somewhere else move out they go to inhabit new wilderness, where the whites will hardly leave them in peace for ten years 4.Tocqueville supports the idea that Native Americans inhabited North America well before the white Europeans did, they lived by their take in tribal customs, norms, values, religious beliefs and laws. However, Native Americans are now seen as dispossessed through the formalities of the law it is impossible to destroy men with more respect for the laws of humanity 4. Tocqueville argues that the government will not grant them their birth enjoyment of Native-American leaving in freedom so they had no elite but to possess this crucial primarily for lifestyle of refinement. This could be one of the reasons of their segregation in Amer ican- they chose not to be fine-tune because they had planned on donjoning their own cultures, customs and traditions. Native Americans repels cultivation perhaps less in hatred of it than in fear of resembling the European 4. Although, Tocqueville implies that it is challenging for Native- Americans to acquire it- this could be because they are not used to white cultures perhaps see white customs and lifestyles as dishonour, perhaps evil this could be the reason why native Americans did not accept elaboration or seen as part of the race relations. Even if they did accept civilisation there will be prejudices against Natives American which will prevent them from enough civilised which then obliges them to it. In contrast, Tocqueville suggests that Native Americans stable had some love their identities cultures compared to other races such as African-Americans because America is their homeland therefore native Americans will do anything but to be assimilated perhaps so they can their sense of pride, and dignity.Furthermore, Tocqueville juxtaposes the view of African-Americans in terms of state of race relations compared to his views on Native Americans. He believes that African-Americans had lost all their sense of cultures, traditions, identities and individuality because the habit of servitude has given him the thoughts and ambitions of slave..African Americans had no longer understands the language that his fore fathers talkcreasing to belong to Africa. Tocqueville argues that it will very challenging for African American to be restored their cultures and identities because they are now trapped between two societies being divided from their homeland means that they have nothing to gain in American society. Tocqueville emphasises that African-Americans knowledge has not developed properly therefore, they cannot think of anything more of themselves than to view themselves as a slave. Even when they are freed or grant their own freedom African-America ns will themselves as below the white Europeans/Americans because it what they have been taught, or perhaps they had little knowledge of civilisation which will lead to alleviate respects them rather than despising against them .Tocqueville suggest that even if African-Americans are freed they will liquid view prejudices- deep racism which they will have to face in on daily basis with jobs, educations. Tocqueville questions their freedom because they are still oppressed and segregated from society just like other ethnic minority groups because even though it energy be illegal to subjugate African-Americans there are still white individuals who has reinforced ideas that you cannot abolished.Tocquevilles predictions for ethnic minority groups is that they will still face three main prejudices which will be more intangible, more tenacious than before the abolishment of slavery. This will be the prejudice of the master, the prejudice of race and the finally the prejudice of the whi te individuals. He argues that it will difficult for white individuals to accept ethnic minorities groups, even though, the law has changed their mindsets have not changed. He believes that it is not the interests of African-Americans but the interest of the white individuals for the reason why slavery has been destroyed in the United States. Although, Tocqueville believe that in the future black and white will mix creating an inter-racial society however, this will still leads to unsettled tensions in America because the future of white individual in American especially south of America is connected to narrow-minded whites slave owners who will see freedom of African-Americans slaves as outnumbered.On the other hand, to contradict Tocqueville predications about ethnic groups. Native Americans one could say in contemporary Untied States Natives Americans have come more civilised as well as trying to keep their own traditions and customs. Plus, Native Americans are more accepted, an d reckon by the white Americans than they did in Tocquevilles writing period. They now have their own freedom, license and laws to support them against any racial prejudices for instance the National Indian younker Council was formed in the early in 1961 which consists of sixty tribes, who formed their own treaty rights in disputed waters and territories, stand up for their rights such as the Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act 1990. round Native Americans are even known as Red magnate which is a new language that set ethnic minorities apart and against the uniform white America. 1 However, to support Tocqueville is predictions of Native Americans it seems that even in the contemporary society they are still been viewed as savages standing in the way of civilisation.1 As well as the Native Americans in post-modern society are being more extinct than before.This proves that Tocqueville is predictions were perhaps accurate because Native Americans are still not accepted by the American society. African-Americans are still being seen as inferior to white races such as the Ku Klux Klan who were perhaps are the most extreme methods to prevent black and white integration and integration.1 This proves that Tocqueville predictions on African-American could have been accurate with the integration of black and white could cause some institutionalized segregation in the American society. In opposition Tocquevilles predictions on African-Americans it seem that African-Americans in the contemporary United States has had importancecontributions to the American society and rest of the world with highly respected significant Black leaders such as Civil Rights main leader Martin Luther-King 2 who fights for his rights, equalities of other black Americans so that will see treated and respected in the same way as white American. Tocqueville predictions of African-American could be far from accurate as the current president of America who is African-Americ an, Barack Obama who rules over the whole United States shows that African-American has now their own identities, well-educated and potentially the white collar job of the American society.Overall, it seems that Tocquevilles belles-lettres and ideas on race relations on ethnic groups is still being used today to show how far ethnic minority groups have improved within society even though there might be still some discrimination against them however, society has integrated with Native-Americans and African-Americans than in Tocquevilles period.References1. Bayor, R(2003),Race and Ethnicty in America, United States, Columbia University Press, 7-206 2. Kessing, R (1970), Race transaction in the USA 1954-63, Kessings Publications Limited, America255 3. Nimtz A, (2003),The Absolute Democracy or spoil Republic , Lexington Books,cover 4. Mansfield H, Winthrop, D 1830 2000, Some Considerations on the present state and the apparent future of the three races that inhabit the territory of United States, in Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, University of Chicago press, United states, 308-348