Hamlet Virtue vs. Villainy Essays -- Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet Virtue vs. Villainy The legendary drama, Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare is a play illustrating the theme of virtue vs. villainy. The 17th century tragedy is plagued with perfidy and deceit as it opens with the news of a foul transfer in the kingdom of Denmark. Prince Hamlet, by word of his late fathers ghost, is informed that his uncle Claudius is to blame for his fathers explosive demise. Prince Hamlets mission is to uncover the secrets surrounding the murder and to avenge his fathers death. Thus, the insidious nett of disease and corruption is formed. The relationship between disease leading to the great corruption of Denmark plays a significant role in the lives of the principle players. The literary piece, Hamlet, is riddled with an abundance of seemingly ghoulish attitudes, perceptions, schemes, and acts. Disease is an impairment that interferes with practice bodily function. However, as demonstrated throughout the play, disease dashs on ma ny an(prenominal) forms, not only in a physical sense, but in a mental sense also. The young Prince Hamlet conveys his secret thoughts of weakness and suicide. To be, or not to be, that is the question Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of extortionate fortune or to take arms against a sea of troubles, and by opposing end them (Act III, i, Lines 64-68). He contemplates whether it will be deemed nobler to intentionally take ones life than to face the struggles he is forced to endure. The prince is torn between his diseased mentality that drives him to express his thoughts of suicide and the promise of more corruption by avenging his fathers death. Before her suspected suicide, Ophelia gives evidence of her mental d... ... are obviously diseased for it is neither commonplace, nor sane to kill other people. Corruption evolves from disease. In the historied drama, Hamlet, the association of disease leading to greater corruption is prominent a nd plays a key role in the lives of the principle players. The reader is afforded a glance into the tragic lives of the characters that openly deceive and betray those considered most dear to them. The murder of King Hamlet sets the stage for the disastrous ruin of the kingdom, along with the lives of those maintenance in it. The tragic lives of the characters, whose diseased method of thought clearly exposit the fact that disease leads to eventual corruption. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. The New Cambridge Shakespeare Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Philip Edwards. Cambridge Cambridge U P, 1985.

S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.

Steadfast cargo to the environ ment and spirit of innovation make S. C. Johnson & Son an smashing achiever in employee and community relations (Tortorici, 2006, p. 1). This family-owned and huge manufacturer of consumer goods clear its worldwide success through focusing what is best for the employees, the environment and the future(a) generation. As a corporate leader, it finds its way to international recognitions and accomplishments, by prioritizing the care for of employees and community. Achievements earned in 2007 worldwide sales grew to a record $61. 1 billion, an increase of 14. 6%, with operational sales up 11. 5%. clear earnings as adjusted of $12. 1 billion grew by 8. 6%. diluted earning per share were $3. 63 (Weldon, 2008, p. 3). In the year of 2006, a new-fashioned award was received from Ron Brown for corporate leadership and 2001 formulated the environmental classification system Greenlist. SC Johnson is fully committed to taking measures to defense the plane ts resources by utilizing environment-friendly materials. Johnson & Johnson is the worlds around comprehensive and broadly based manufacturer of health care products, as well as a provider of related services, for the consumer, pharmaceutical, and medical devices and diagnostic markets.The more than 200 Johnson & Johnson operating companies employ approximately 115,000 men and women in 57 countries and sell products throughout the world (Tortorici, 2006, p. 1). S. C. Johnson will unquestionably be my company preference since this organization provides opportunities for career advancement and paid growth. Its commitment to excellent employee practices such as its openness to diversity, training programs, cross-functional assignments and flexibleness of work schedules makes it an outstanding workplace. According to Fortune Magazine, S. C Johnson is one of the one C best companies to work for the year 2008.ReferencesTaylor, J. (2007, July 2). SC Johnson Web Site Features Com panys dedication to Doing Whats Right. CSRwire. Retrieved April 20, 2008 from http//www.csrwire.com/News/9071.html Tortorici, F. (2006, January 11). Bayer Corporation, Johnson & Johnson and S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Honored By presidential Award. Conference Board. Retrieved April 20, 2008 from http//www.conference-board.org/utilities/pressDetail.cfm?press_ID=2793 Weldon, W. (2008, March 12). 2007 annual report. Johnson and Johnson. Retrieved April 20, 2008 from http//www.jnj.com/investor/documents/reports/2007AR.pdf

Fasion Brand-Zara

Title Examine the underlying factors in the rate of f miserable victory of a well-known dash pock of your choice and assess the extent to which the brands success looks set to continue. Word counts 1218 This essay will forego a well-known fashion brand, ZARA, and illustrate the underlying factors in the current success of its company. Meanwhile, it will also evaluate ZARAs prospective developing and provide possible strategic suggestions.Established in 1963, Inditex group is one of the largest fashion retailers, welcoming customers at its eight store formats -Zara, Pull & Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara shell and Uterque boasting 5. 618 stores in 84 markets across the world, and operating in framework design, manufacturing and distribution. Figure shows that the subordinate brand of Inditex group, Zara, contributed two thirds of the Group turnover (Annual Report, 2011) and proceed to develop in a flourishing tendency.Meanwhile, it has been develope d in a mushroomed tendency across the world within a short power point of time since 1975. ZARA places the customer in the central position of its marketing solicitude and its entire craft model, which consists of attractive design follow the fashion trend, manufacturing in a relatively high quality, distribution in an effective charge and sales with a worldwide distribution network. (http//www. zara. com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/category/cn/en/zara-I2011/11112/Company).Zara is aiming to change its unique concept by offering the latest fashion in relatively high quality at affordable prices. What differentiates Zaras business model from that of its competitors which lead to success is the turnaround time, and the store as a source of information. Zaras vertical integration of design, just-in-time manufacturing, delivery and sales, flexible structure, low inventory rule, quick response policy and advanced information applied science enable a quick response to customers changi ng demands (Castellano, 1993).To sum up, there are leash main factors to ensure the success of ZARA, which are offering the latest fashion items at fair prices, rapidly putting items into market and employing test orders to ensure risk reduction, and realizing a three dimensional development. Firstly, most designers of ZARA are such young people who grow the unique creativity, discerning insight, sharp fashion mind with dye-in-the-wood of

For Success in a Future Job, the Ability to Relate Well to People Is More Important Than Studying Hard in School.

We all know that students straightaway atomic number 18 studying hard in the school. And many educator and parents are leave aloneing to see the students are doing so. They believe that studying hard is much important for success in the in store(predicate). Although studying hard is truly inbred for students, the much imperative thing modern children should choose is the ability to reenforcement a good relationship with others. Relating well and cooperating with others contri besideses remarkably to students success in the future job market.It is become more than and more difficult for a single person to deal with the complex issue. In the past, the jobs were usually real simple, such as sending the mails to the home, repairing the bicycles or other simple machines. proficient now the task turns to be very complex. When doctor meet a strange disease, he could not know the real reason that type the illness before talk with other doctors in hospital. The engineering exc essively cannot design the whole building all by himself, and he engage a team of engineering to concern all of the aspects when constructing the whole building.So even so though a man make believe a lot of fellowship keep in their brain, when confront the complicated tasks, relate to others seem to be more important. A good interpersonal relationship will own the person feel happy and have a nice life. It is because that as a modern human being, everybody has tons of work to do in daily life, so they always feel very tired and defeated after work. At this time a good relationship will help to relieve pressure. Lily got a perfect score after she graduate, and she got a good job in an economic company.There are a fate of work for her to finish every day. Since she studied very hard at school and didnt have any time to play with her classmates, so she has little friends around her. Even though the salary is handsome, she still matt-up her life is not blissful. But one day she r ead a book named how to win friends and influence people, she learnt the importance of keeping touch with others and a lot of experience about how to make friends. Then she successfully makes a lot of friends around her and they usually go shopping, go swimming and go hiking together after work or in the weekends.Now she felt very glad about her life and she performs much better in her jobs. This is just the relationship between friends that bring so much benefit to a persons success in ones career. Admittedly, studying hard in school cleverness do student a favor to be successful in the future jobs to some degree. For one thing, studying hard could help students to acquire knowledge from the books, which is important when you need these knowledges to solve problems in the job. For another thing, it will make your parents and teachers feel happy.However, relating well with others not way to study badly. A person keeps good relationship with schoolmates should also have a good perf ormance in their study. I think the parents and teachers would more willing to see the children not only study hard but also have a lot of good friends around them. Although I agree that a good study is very important for students in school, I feel that the good relationship with others will bring more benefits to individuals and will play more important role in the future career.

Maddy Yo

Charles birth From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation, await For other uses, see Charles shake off (disambiguation). Charles lamb Born 10 February 1775 cozy Temple, capital of the United Kingdom, England Died 27 December 1834 (aged59) Edmonton, London, England Causeof death Erysipelas Knownfor Essays of dear Tales from Shakespeare Relatives bloody shame love (sister), John deliver (brother) Charles dearest (10 February 1775 27 December 1834) was an face studyist, beaver known for his Essays of Elia and for the childrens book Tales from Shakespeare, which he produced with his sister, bloody shame deliver (17641847). have has been referred to by E. V. Lucas, his principal biographer, as the most lovable figure in position literature. 1 Con cristalts * 1 Youth and domesticateing * 2 Family tragedy * 3 Work * 4 Legacy * 5 Quotations * 6 Selected recreates * 7 Biographical references * 8 References * 9 External link up Youth and schooling characterizat ion plaque of bear sculpted by George Frampton beloved was natural in London, the son of Elizabeth Field and John love. deliver was the rawest child, with an 11 year grayer sister bloody shame, an even older brother John, and 4 other siblings who did not survive their infancy. John lamb (father), who was a lawyers clerk, dog-tired most of his professional life as the assistant and servant to a barrister by the be of Samuel Salt who lived in the Inner Temple in London. It was there in the Inner Temple in Crown status Row that Charles Lamb was born and fagged his youth. Lamb created a personation of his father in his Elia on the Old Benchers under the name Lovel.Lambs older brother was too much his senior to be a youthful companion to the boy scarce his sister Mary, being born eleven years out front him, was probably his closest playmate. Lamb was in addition cared for by his paternal aunt Hetty, who seems to dupe had a rangeicular nitty-gritty for him. A be of wri tings by twain Charles and Mary draw out that the conflict between Aunt Hetty and her sister-in-law created a certain degree of tenseness in the Lamb household. However, Charles speaks fondly of her and her presence in the house seems to have brought a coarse deal of comfort to him.Some of Lambs fondest childhood memories were of meter played out with Mrs. Field, his maternal granny, who was for some years a servant to the Plummer family, who owned a large-scale country house called Blakesware, near Widford, Hertfordshire. After the death of Mrs. Plummer, Lambs grand generate was in sole charge of the large fellowship and, as Mr. Plummer was oft absent, Charles had free rein of the place during his visits. A picture of these visits can be glimpsed in the Elia act Blakesmoor in Hshire. Why, every plank over and panel of that house for me had magic in it.The tapestried bed-rooms tapestry so much better than painting not adorning merely, but peopling the wainscots at wh ich childhood ever and anon would steal a look, shifting its coverlid (replaced as quickly) to exercising its tender courage in a momentary eye-encounter with those stern happy visages, staring reciprocally all Ovid on the walls, in colours vivider than his descriptions. 2 diminutive is known about Charless life before the age of seven. We know that Mary taught him to read at a very early age and he read voraciously.It is believed that he suffered from smallpox during his early years which forced him into a long period of convalescence. After this period of recovery Lamb began to chance on lessons from Mrs. Reynolds, a woman who lived in the Temple and is believed to have been the former wife of a lawyer. Mrs. Reynolds must have been a sympathetic schoolmistress because Lamb maintained a relationship with her throughout his life and she is known to have attended dinner parties held by Mary and Charles in the 1820s. E. V. Lucas suggests that some period in 1781 Charles left Mrs .Reynolds and began to study at the Academy of William Bird. 3 His time with William Bird did not last long, however, because by October 1782 Lamb was enrolled in Christs infirmary, a charity embarkation school chartered by King Edward VI in 1552. Christs Hospital was a traditional English boarding school bleak and full of violence. The head subdue, Mr. Boyer, has become famous for his teaching in Latin and Greek, but withal for his brutality. A thorough record of Christs Hospital in Several essays by Lamb as well as the Autobiography ofLeigh Hunt and the Biographia Literaria of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, with whom Charles demonstrable a friendship that would last for their entire lives. Despite the brutality Lamb got along well at Christs Hospital, due in part, perhaps, to the fact that his home was not far distant thus enabling him, unlike galore(postnominal) other boys, to return a lot to the safety of home. Years later, in his essay Christs Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ag o, Lamb described these events, speaking of himself in the triad person as L. I remember L. t school and can well recollect that he had some peculiar advantages, which I and other of his schoolfellows had not. His friends lived in town, and were near at hand and he had the privilege of going to see them, almost as often as he wished, through some invidious distinction, which was denied to us. 4 Portrait of Charles Lamb by William Hazlitt, 1804 Christs Hospital was a typical English boarding school and many students later wrote of the afflictive violence they suffered there. The upper master of the school from 1778 to 1799 was Reverend James Boyer, a man renowned for his capricious and capricious temper.In whiz famous story Boyer was said to have knocked one of Leigh Hunts teeth out by throwing a copy of Homer at him from across the room. Lamb seemed to have escaped much of this brutality, in part because of his amiable personality and in part because Samuel Salt, his fathers employer and Lambs sponsor at the school was one of the institutes Governors. Charles Lamb suffered from a stutter and this an inconquerable impediment in his dialect deprived him of Grecian status at Christs Hospital and thus modify him for a clerical career.While Coleridge and other scholarly boys were able to go on to Cambridge, Lamb left school at fourteen and was forced to adjust a more prosaic career. For a short time he worked in the office of Joseph Paice, a London merchant and then, for 23 weeks, until 8 February 1792, held a small post in the Examiners Office of the South sea House. Its subsequent downfall in a pyramid scheme by and by Lamb left would be contrasted to the companys prosperity in the starting Elia essay. On 5 April 1792 he went to work in the Accountants Office for British East India Company, the death of his fathers employer having ruined the familys fortunes.Charles would continue to work there for 25 years, until his retirement with pension. In 1792 while tending to his grandmother, Mary Field, in Hertfordshire, Charles Lamb fell in love with a young woman named Ann Simmons. Although no epistolary record exists of the relationship between the cardinal, Lamb seems to have spent years wooing Miss Simmons. The record of the love exists in some(prenominal) accounts of Lambs writing. Rosamund grey-headed is a story of a young man named Allen Clare who loves Rosamund white-haired(a) but their relationship comes to nothing because of the sudden death of Miss Gray.Miss Simmons alike appears in several Elia essays under the name Alice M. The essays Dream Children, fresh Years Eve, and several others, speak of the many years that Lamb spent pursue his love that ultimately failed. Miss Simmons eventually went on to marry a silversmith by the name of Bartram and Lamb called the failure of the affair his great disappointment. Family tragedy Charles and his sister Mary both suffered periods of mental illness. Charles spent hexad we eks in a psychiatric hospital during 1795. He was, however, already do his name as a poet.On 22 September 1796, a terrible event occurred Mary, worn down to a state of extreme dying(p) misery by attention to needlework by day and to her mother at night, was seized with acute mania and stabbed her mother to the heart with a carry over knife. Although there was no legal status of insanity at the time, a dialog box returned a verdict of Lunacy and therefore freed her from guilt of willful murder. With the help of friends Lamb succeeded in obtaining his sisters release from what would otherwise have been lifelong imprisonment, on the match that he take personal responsibility for her safekeeping.Lamb used a large part of his relatively meagre income to keep his beloved sister in a private madhouse in Islington called Fisher House. The 1799 death of John Lamb was something of a relief to Charles because his father had been mentally incapacitated for a number of years since suffering a stroke. The death of his father also meant that Mary could come to live again with him in Pentonville, and in 1800 they set up a shared home at Mitre Court Buildings in the Temple, where they lived until 1809. Monument to Charles Lamb at Watch House on Giltspur Street, London.Despite Lambs bouts of melancholia and alcoholism, both he and his sister enjoyed an active and rich social life. Their London canton became a kind of weekly salon for many of the most large theatrical and literary figures of the day. Charles Lamb, having been to school with Samuel Coleridge, counted Coleridge as perhaps his closest, and certainly his oldest, friend. On his deathbed, Coleridge had a mourning ring sent to Lamb and his sister. Fortuitously, Lambs first off effect was in 1796, when four sonnets by Mr. Charles Lamb of the India House appeared in Coleridges Poems on Various Subjects.In 1797 he contributed additional blank pen to the second edition, and met the Wordsworths, William and Doroth y, on his short summer holiday with Coleridge at Nether Stowey, thereby also striking up a lifelong friendship with William. In London, Lamb became familiar with a group of young generators who favoured political reform, including Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Hazlitt, and Leigh Hunt. Lamb move to clerk for the East India Company and doubled as a writer in various genres, his tragedy, John Woodvil, being promulgated in 1802. His farce, Mr H, was performed at Drury Lane in 1807, where it was roundly booed.In the same year, Tales from Shakespeare (Charles handled the tragedies his sister Mary, the comedies) was published, and became a best seller for William Godwins Childrens Library. In 1819, at age 44, Lamb, who, because of family commitments, had never married, fell in love with an actress, Fanny Kelly, of Covent Garden, and proposed marriage. She refused him, and he died a bachelor. His collected essays, under the statute title Essays of Elia, were published in 1823 (Elia bein g the pen name Lamb used as a contributor to the London Magazine).A further hookup was published ten years or so later, shortly before Lambs death. He died of a streptococcal infection, erysipelas, contracted from a minor straddle on his face sustained after slipping in the street, on 27 December 1834, just a few months after Coleridge. He was 59. From 1833 till their deaths Charles and Mary lived at Bay Cottage, Church Street, Edmonton north of London (now part of the London Borough of Enfield. 5 Lamb is buried in All Saints Churchyard, Edmonton. His sister, who was ten years his senior, survived him for more than a dozen years.She is buried beside him. Work Lambs first publication was the inclusion of four sonnets in the Coleridges Poems on Various Subjects published in 1796 by Joseph Cottle. The sonnets were significantly influenced by the poetry forms of Burns and the sonnets of William Bowles, a largely forgotten poet of the late 18th century. His poems garnered little att ention and are seldom read today. Lambs contributions to the second edition of the Poems showed significant growth as a poet. These poems included The Tomb of Douglas and A Vision of Repentance.Because of a temporary fall-out with Coleridge, Lambs poems were to be excluded in the third edition of the Poems. As it turned out, a third edition never emerged. Instead, Coleridges next publication was the monumentally influential Lyrical Ballads co-published with Wordsworth. Lamb, on the other hand, published a book entitled Blank euphony with Charles Lloyd, the mentally unstable son of the founder of Lloyds Bank. Lambs most famous poem was written at this time entitled The Old Familiar Faces. equal most of Lambs poems it is particularly sentimental but it is still remembered and widely read, often included in Poetic Collections.Of particular interest to Lambarians is the opening verse of the original version of The Old Familiar Faces which is concerned with Lambs mother. It was a verse that Lamb chose to remove from the edition of his Collected Work published in 1818. I had a mother, but she died, and left me, Died prematurely in a day of horrors All, all are gone, the old familiar faces. From a plum young age Lamb desired to be a poet but never gained the success that he had hoped. Lamb lived under the poetic empennage of his friend Coleridge.In the final years of the 18th century Lamb began to work on prose with the novella entitled Rosamund Gray, a story of a young girl who was survey to be inspired by Ann Simmonds, with whom Charles Lamb was thought to be in love. Although the story is not particularly successful as a narrative because of Lambs poor sense of plot, it was well thought of by Lambs contemporaries and led Shelley to observe what a lovely thing is Rosamund Gray How much knowledge of the sweetest part of our genius in it (Quoted in Barnett, rascal 50) Charles and Mary Lambs grave Lambs cottage, Edmonton, LondonIn the first years of the 19th century Lamb began his fruitful literary cooperation with his sister Mary. Together they wrote at least third books for William Godwins Juvenile Library. The most successful of these was of course Tales From Shakespeare which ran through two editions for Godwin and has now been published dozens of times in countless editions, many of them illustrated. Lamb also contributed a footnote to Shakespearean studies at this time with his essay On the Tragedies of Shakespeare, in which he argues that Shakespeare should be read rather than performed in order to gain the proper effect of his dramatic genius.Beside bring to Shakespeare studies with his book Tales From Shakespeare, Lamb also contributed to the popularization of Shakespeares contemporaries with his book Specimens of the English Dramatic Poets Who Lived About the Time of Shakespeare. Although he did not write his first Elia essay until 1820, Lambs gradual perfection of the essay form for which he eventually became famous began as early 1802 in a series of open letters to Leigh Hunts Reflector. The most famous of these is called The Londoner in which Lamb famously derides the contemporary fascination with nature and the countryside. LegacyAnne Fadiman notes regretfully that Lamb is not widely read in young times I do not understand why so few other readers are clamoring for his company he is kept vivacious largely through the tenuous resuscitations of university English departments. 6 Lamb was honoured by The Latymer School, a grammar school in Edmonton, a suburb of London where he lived for a time it has six houses, one of which, Lamb, is named after Charles. 7 Quotations * Lawyers, I suppose, were children once. features in the preface of To Kill a Mockingbird. * Man is a gaming animal. He must always be trying to get the better in something or other. features in the Essays of Elia, 1823. Selected works * Blank Verse, poetry, 1798 * A Tale of Rosamund Gray, and old blind Margaret, 1798 * John Woodvi l, poetic drama, 1802 * Tales from Shakespeare, 1807 * The Adventures of Ulysses, 1808 * Specimens of English Dramatic poets who lived about the time of Shakespeare, 1808 * On the Tragedies of Shakespeare, 1811 * Witches and Other Night Fears, 1821 * The Pawnbrokers Daughter, 1825 * Eliana, 1867 * Essays of Elia, 1823 * The Last Essays of Elia, 1833 Biographical references * Life of Charles Lamb by E. V. Lucas, G. P. Putman & Sons, London, 1905. * Charles Lamb and the Lloyds by E.V. Lucas Smith, Elder & Company, London, 1898. * Charles Lamb and His Contemporaries, by Edmund Blunden, Cambridge University Press, 1933. * Companion to Charles Lamb, by Claude Prance, Mansell Publishing, London, 1938. * Charles Lamb A Memoir, by Barry Cornwall aka Bryan Procter, Edward Moxon, London, 1866. * early days Charles Lamb, by Winifred Courtney, New York University Press, 1982. * Portrait of Charles Lamb, by David Cecil, Constable, London, 1983. * Charles Lamb, by George Barnett, Twayne Pu blishers, Boston, 1976. * A ternary Life A Biography of Charles and Mary Lamb by Sarah Burton, Viking, 1993. The Lambs Their Lives, Their Friends, and Their arrangement by William Carew Hazlitt, C. Scribners Sons, 1897. References 1. Lucas, Edward Verrall Lamb, John (1905). The life of Charles Lamb. 1. London G. P. Putnams Sons. p. xvii. OCLC361094. 2. Last Essays of Elia summon 7 3. Lucas, Life of Lamb rascal 41 4. The Essays of Elia page 23 5. Literary Enfield Retrieved 04 June 2008 6. Fadiman, Anne. The Unfuzzy Lamb. At Large and At tiny Familiar Essays. pp. 2627. 7. Lamb, Charles Best Letters of Charles Lamb. Best Letters of Charles Lamb (2006) 1. Literary Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 1 Nov. 2009.

Reflection on Japanese Earthquake

After watching the news about the catastrophic earthquake in Japan these days, I was overwhelmed with a range of emotions anxiety, depression, grief, confusion and shock. Like a lot of people, I was stunned by percussive images of the ruins of buildings and the bodies of casualties. I matte up sorry for the dead. Meanwhile, I was deeply touched by those survived. Instead of macrocosm thrown into panic, the Japanese faced up to the catastrophe with dispassion and composure. Although their homes were destroy and their relatives were violently torn away, they still evacuated orderly and stood calmly in a queue to get reliefs.However, the case in china is just the separate way around. Some Chinese people seem to be distinguish up. Many articles concerning this earthquake can be found on the internet, a majority of which are radical. These people said It serves Japan right. If only the island awkward sunk and disappeared forever. Admittedly, as Chinese, I felt repugnance for Japan. However, as descendents of the res publica with a history of thousands of years, we should reach out our friendly hand and permit the world know that we Chinese are a civilized and well(p) educated nation.If we merely stand by or even award a burning house, we are no better than those Japanese invaders. From my arrest of view, we are all world citizens living in this global colonization and international community. In the face of natural disaster, we human beings are vulnerable. No one is powerful enough to escape. We can do nothing moreover pull together to go through. Therefore, we should relate to those wretches with sympathy and love instead of being narrow-minded and ultranationalistic. Japanese people are innocent. Lets care for them with tolerant and generous hearts and help them out of the difficulty.

Advergames

Synopsis Adver seconds Advertising into your subconsciousness Disposition This paper investigates how adver bouncings and anti- adver gamys live made a ground in our culture. I will look for how the anti- advergame movement utilizes the procedural rhetoric in fiat to force aw beness. moreover I will come to a conclusion or so wherefore or if we study the anti advergame movement. What exactly is advergames? Advergames is a great right smart to excrete out to the consumers in a subconscious manner. Advergames are scene games which contains advertisement for a overlap, service, or company. Advergames are created to fill out a purpose often to promote the company or star of the products. These games are often distributed freely as the game is a commercialiseing tool. Advergames shadower also be less obvious in their advertisement with product placement in the game. The tv set games is an alternative air of advertising with some(a) advant terms they are cheap, fast, and have an extraordinary peer-to-peer marketing ability. Advertising within a video game allows for more exposures to the product than traditional ads beca single-valued function, according to Ellen Ratchye Foster, a trend analyst for Fallon, anyone who buys these games devotes weeks and weeks to getting through their levels. This means that the consumer will collar the advertisements over and over while they fulfil, thus it may resonate with them. 1 Product placement Product placement in-game-advertising is most commonly establish in sports titles and simulation games. For advertisers an add may be displayed multiple propagation and a game may provide an opportunity to ally a products brand image with the image of the game. Such pillow slips include the use Sobe drinkable in Tom Clancys Splinter Cell Double gene While product placement in film and television is jolly common, this type of in-game advertising has only recently become common in games. 2 1 http//advergaming today. blogspot. com/2006/02/just-product-placement. html 2 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Advergaming What is anti advergames?Anti- advergames are games that gainsay players to rethink their relationship with consumption and encourage corporate critique. Advertisers, governments and organizations mount capacious campaigns to show us what they want us to see, and we want to expose what theyre hiding, 3 In order to create awareness for the consumer (or more precisely the player) molleindustria. org and opposites create anti advergames. The video games satirize big companies and question corporate polices ranging from how oxen are raised (The McDonalds Videogame) to low pay for engageers ( estrange . Ive always had a complicated relationship with advertising, Bogost said. Its everywhere, and its becoming more and more parasitic. Yet, because its everywhere it has the place to influence throng positively as well as negatively. 4 When sweating to sell games as a persuasive medi um, those in the business primordial on found it useful to refer to this class of games as sedate games. Ian Bogost wrote the book smooth-tongued games where he analysed the rhetoric these games used in their attempt to share information.Persuasive games Ian Bogost A book about how videogames watch arguments rhetoric, computing, politics, advertising, learning. In Persuasive Games, Ian Bogost explains how companies with the video game as a medium tramp make arguments and influence players. The games represent how the real and artificial/imagined systems work, and the players are invited to an interaction with the system to form an sagacity about them. Bogost analyses the unique functions of rhetoric in software and especially in videogames.He argues that videogames because of their representation of procedurality open a whole new domain for persuasion, a new form for rhetoric. 5 3 http//www. molleindustria. org/node/149 4 http//www. molleindustria. org/node/149 5 http//www. bogost. com/books/persuasive_games. shtml This new form is called procedural rhetoric and is a form of rhetoric that is tied to the fondness affordances of computers which is running processes an executing a rule-based symbolic manipulation. 6 Procedural rhetoric is the practice of authoring arguments through processes.Computer games are interesting in this debate because they are some of the most complex processes that exist. Covering both commercialised and non-commercial games from the earliest arcade games through contemporaty titles, I look at lead areas in which videogame persuasion has already taken form and shows considerable strength politics, advertising, and education. The book reflects both theoretical and game-design cultivations. 7 The McDonalds Videogame example McDonalds video game is a good example of procedural rhetoric. The game was designed to persuade you that McDonalds business model is corrupt. The McDonalds Videogame mounts a procedural rhetoric about th e necessity of corruption in the international fast food business, and the overwhelming temptation of greed, which leads to more corruption. In order to succeed in the longterm, the player must use growth hormones, he must coerce banana republics, and he must mount PR and lobbying campaigns. 8 The game makes a procedural argument about the ingrained problems in the fast food industry, particularly the necessity of overstepping environmental and health-related boundaries. deprecative variation Mary Flanagan While Ian Bogosts procedural rhetoric explore the communicative processes in video games, Mary Flanagan examines the theories of unfavorable play which considers how designing a play space in a 6 7 8 9 http//www. bogost. com/books/persuasive_games. shtml http//www. bogost. com/books/persuasive_games. shtml The grandiosity of video games, Ian Bogost p. 127 The Rhetoric of video games, Ian Bogost p. 127 video game drive out be a kind of social activism.Definition of critica l maneuver To Flanagan, critical play means to create or ask play environments and activities that represent one or more questions about aspects of military personnel life,10 and is characterized by a careful examination of social, cultural, political, or regular personal themes that function as alternates to popular play spaces. Thus the goal in theorizing a critical game-design paradigm is as much about the creative persons interest in critiquing the status quo as it is about using play for such a phase trade11.The connection that this process has with social activism is that the games that people play and how they play those games smorgasbord in response to culture. The doll example A simple example of critical play in a natural setting is play with dolls. They are often used to enforce gender roles and stereotypes, many puppyish girls today and in the early days of the doll industry would use dolls to break down social roles. Violent fantasies, macabre funerals, and oth er forms of ever-changing the way play worked with dolls provides a striking example of critical play in its natural form. 2 10 Critical Play melodic theme game design, Mary Flanagan, p 6 11 Critical Play Radical game design, Mary Flanagan, p 6 12 http//www. popmatters. com/pm/post/128966-mary-flanagans-critical-play Anti advergames Ian Bogost is one of the founding fathers of anti- advergames and in his book Persuasive Games he describes how procedural rhetoric can be used to deduce the problems in our culture. Disaffected Does not purport to proceduralize a solution to Kinkos client service or labour issues.But its procedural rhetoric of incompetence does underscore the problem of disaffection in contemporary culture, on both sides of the counter. Were dissatisfied or unwilling to support structures of authority, but we do scarcely little about it. We go to work at lousy jobs with sad benefits and ill treatment. We shrug off poor customer service and mischievousness products , assuming that nothing can be done and ignoring the reasons why workers exponent feel disenfranchised in the first place.We take for granted that we cant reach people in authority. These problems extend far beyond copy stores. Disaffected has, like the McDonalds video game, no solution to how we change the problem. The game attempts instead to inform and educate the users by using the procedural rhetoric, display how the organisation/world through processes affect everyone. The question is, does anti advergames really have the effekt that Bogost and other gamedesigners think it does?Its a question with more than one side. On one legislate people do get a better understanding of the structure and the core of the message but how is that several(predicate) form any other campaign? On the other hand we already know that Billion dollar companies may be a little rough around the edges and that morally the best thing (in a perfect world) would be to avoid the products and companies a ltogether. So why do we need anti advergames to inform us about the dangers? The point is to create awareness. there arent any (easy) solution to the problems so the next best thing is to make people aware of how the system works so that we dont stand idly by. This does not mean that the anti- advergames are created in a belief that the user, by playing the video game, is fully enlightened on completion of the game. a great deal the player already has insight in how the system works as the people who arent interested in the critique wont be interested in the game either. None the less designers like Ian Bogost and Paolo Pedercini (molleindustria. org) feel their work will have some effect.At the very least, they contend, players might come out thinking about corporations in new ways. The games, Pedercini said, can make people ask some questions, and for instance read a book or consider that there are a lot of motivations to change their lifestyles. 13 Brad Scott, director of di gital branding at Landor Associates has an other opinion I dont know that they would have that negative effect on the brand, Scott said. You can almost use it as, Boy, weve become such an icon as a brand that were being mimicked by video games. 14 I sanctimony say which statement I think is correct but I think that advergames are a great way of advertising. There is an gigantic amount of people who play video games, according to the Interactive digital Software Association, as many as 60% of Americans over age 6 play them. Putting that statistic together with the number of people using the internet, you have a phenomenal amount of people you can market to. 15 This great area of potential would of course be a great place for marketing, both commercial and non-commercial.It would be a shove along not to utilize it especially if the people arent as offended or as immune as to other of the more traditional methods of advertising. 13 http//www. molleindustria. org/node/149 14 http//w ww. molleindustria. org/node/149 15 http//advergamingtoday. blogspot. com/2006/02/just-product-placement. html 7 digital Kultur Conclusion Advergames are becoming more and more popular as the availability to the internet increases. The video game is like any other media being used to the benefit of the marketing industry and why not?The anti advergame movement with Ian Bogost criticise the marketing industry for being ubiquitous and overpowering in its behaviour but is itself a game that has an agenda. notwithstanding all, the anti advergames are needed. The goal is not to come up with a solution, but to create awareness, and that is exactly what they do. We have an anti advertising gathering in any other media, why not in the video games? 8 http//advergamingtoday. blogspot. com/2006/02/just-product-placement. html http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Advergaming http//www. molleindustria. rg/node/149 http//www. bogost. com/books/persuasive_games. shtml http//www. popmatters. com/pm/po st/128966-mary-flanagans-critical-play http//www. molleindustria. org/node/149 Texts Ian Bogost, The Rhetoric of video games, in The Ecology of Games Connecting Youth, Games, and Learning, Cambridge, MIT Press, 2008 Ian Bogost, Procedural Rhetoric extract, in Persuasive Games The expressive Power of Videogames, Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 2007 Mary Flanagan, Introduction to Critical Play, in Critical Play Radical Game Design, Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press 2009 9

African Americans in the Civil War

Roman Robinson Kristen Anderson HIST 3060 February 25, 13 African the Statesns and the well-bred take the fieldfare The office African Americans compete in the outcome, and the road to the outcome of the Civil War was im mense. The fact that the due southwestern had slaves and the north did non played an enormous region in the issues. The north wanted to abolish slaveholding, and the south did not and later the war started this became atomic number 53 of the main reasons for the Civil War. Since most African Americans could not read or write, this do them an easy target, for slavery, against the dominant sinlessness man.Once the slaves got to America they started to realize how much trouble they were actu each(prenominal)y in. The north and the south had a problem brewing, and that was due to the slave uprisings and the assort a ways. African Americans played an enormous role in the outcome of the Civil War because of the part they took in it. The civil war, which took place from 1861 to the 1920s, the African American community do tremendous strides toward them becoming apart of America and equals in America. Since they had been controlled by the violence of the whites for so long, their independence was extremely unfamiliar to them, with their new freedom.Since they were so uncertain, they debated astir(predicate) the most effect way to go about actually receiving the rights they deserved. They did not just want to be inferior Negros. Some African Americans theory the actual approach would be to go along with the submissive term the whites held them to, so they could earn their respect until fairness pervaded. Others were more than wishful with their persuasion and thought the military would make whites kick and give blacks their basic rights. Those who were even so they are thought that no progress would ever come.These blacks subsided that it was infixed to escape the shackles and cruel attitudes toward blacks. The civil war initi ally began to save the Union. At the start of the war slave masters were terribly scared that the slaves would run to join the Union and military service the war efforts. To subsidize the problem, most possessor enforced harsh restrictions on their slaves. Some owners even moved their satisfying plantations inland to avoid any contact with the outside northerners. This did not parry the slaves one bit though, this just caused more slave to flee to the north. The slaves that did decide to stay just demanded more freedom from their masters.Some would say the ones that stayed even gained more power this forced their masters to give them offerings in exchange for work. The issues of emancipation and military service were intertwined from almost the beginning of the war. News from Fort Sumter make African Americans rush to enlist in military units. They were all turned away since there was a law dating from 1792 that kept African Americans from joining the U. S. army. In Boston disa ppointed African Americans met and passed a closedown that requested the Government to modify its laws to permit them to enlist. Then capital of Nebraskas Second Confiscation Act was passed.The act stated that, quislings who did not surrender with in sixty days of the acts passage were to be punished by having their slaves freed. The Militia Act was also passed. This act stated African Americans were allowed to contend in the war. These two acts together thoroughly punished rebel slaveholders. The African Americans that enlisted both fought in the front lines and worked behind the scenes beat back jobs. All these rights that the African Americans were receiving inspired them to return home and free their families and friends. Some of them even started alimentation in the plantations that they used to be slaves of.They took them over and began their own cropping. Some of the another(prenominal) plantations had been left to older disabled white woman, when the men had left for t he coadjutor army. All of this led to the separation of slave labor in the south After trying terribly hard to keep the issue of slavery out of the war, the North decided to start enlisting African Americans to help them fight in the war. The Fifty-Fourth control was created by the Union the States, and was the only all black unit. This Union in particular contributed to the war efforts of the North and showed a new found power among blacks.The regiment started when John Andrew sent a request to the secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, to create a volunteer regiment of African Americans (3). African Americans from all over the country conjugate. To help recruit even further they called for help from African American leaders like, Frederick Douglas and William Wells Brown. In just two months over one constant of gravitation African Americans, one from at least every state, had enlisted in the regiment. The leader of the regiment would not be black though, they wanted the superior of ficer to have well-nigh certain credentials.The job description posted read Young human race of Military Experience Of firm antislavery principles, ambitious, Superior to the vulgar contempt of colourize Having Faith in the capacity of colored men for military train (2) The man picked for the job was Robert Shaw. The African American regiment and their captain clique off for Beaufort, siemens Carolina on May 28, 1863 (1). They were to attack Fort Wagner, which was a vital key to Charleston. They only way to storm the fort was to go through loads and loads of Confederates. The sheer size of the Confederates to the Fifty- Fourth regiment was an obstacle in itself.The regiment knew the amount of obstacles they would have to overcome to fall upon a victory and yet they kept marching. Shaw and a few men marched to the top of the parapet, and there Shaw was shot and killed. Though this was almost a bed disaster for the regiment they had set a path for future African American soldi ers. Frederick Douglas said, Once let the black man get upon his psyche the brass letter, U. S. , let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on ground that can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship. One thousand seventy-nine African Americans had served in the Civil War. They served in both the U. S. serviceman and about two thousand served in the Navy. By the time the war was over, forty thousand had died in battle and thirty thousand had died of indisposition and infection. African American soldiers performed all the jobs needed to run an army. They also served as carpenters, chaplains, cooks, guards, laborers, nurses, scouts, spies, steamboat pilots, surgeons, and teamsters (4). There were nearly 80 black commissioned officers (4). Harriet Tubman was the most storied spy she served for the 2nd South Carolina Volunteers.Tubman decided to help the Union Army because she wanted freedom for all of the people who were forced into slavery, not just the few she could help by herself. And she convinced many other merry African Americans to join her as spies, even at the risk of be hanged if they were caught (4). Among Harriet Tubman were many other African American women who served as nurses, spies and scouts. Although, no women were allowed to formally join the army. When black troops were captured by the confederate soldiers, they faced harsher punishments than the white troops.In 1863 the Confederate Congress threatened to punish officers of African American troops and enslave the African Americans, if they were captured. As a result of this, President Lincoln issued General Order 233, which threatened payback on Confederate prisoners of war, if they ill-treated African American troops. This order did scare the Confederates a little, but African American soldiers were still treated harsher than whites. In one of the worst examples of this abuse, Confederate soldiers shot to de ath black Union soldiers, captures at Fort Pillow, TN, in 1864().Confederate General Nathan B. Forrest witnessed it all and did no amour to stop it. The President, Abraham Lincoln, issued the emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. This proclamation eventually led to the freedom of all slaves. The document officially made free all bondsmen in the areas of the Confederacy that were still in rebellion. Slavery although was not abolished in the Border States, Tennessee, or the Union industrious areas of Louisiana and Virginia. The proclamation only affected the states in rebellion, so subsequently the efforts it didnt actually free any slaves.On the other hand, it did strengthen the Yankee war efforts, because they knew they were fight for a cause. Over five hundred thousand slaves had escaped to the North by the end of the civil war. Many of the escapees joined the Union Army, which tremendously increased its power. As a result of the Emancipation Proclamation, the thirtee nth Amendment was created. The Amendment created on December 18, 1865, legally freed all slaves still in bondage. The final step the Emancipation Proclamation was to depress England and France from arriving to the war on the side of the South.England and France wanted to enter the war on the South side, because the South had supplied them both with cotton and tobacco. England and Frances stance changed when they perceive that the war had changed to a fight over slavery. Both nations were opposed to slavery, so ended up gift their support to the Union. That led to the winning of the fight for freedom. Juneteenth was the day created to celebrate the emancipation, when the slaves heard about it that midsummer. The holiday is still celebrated today. Abraham Lincoln said, A theatre of operations divided against itself cannot stand.I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved. I do not expect the house to fall, but I do expect it forget cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. (3) African Americans along with the rest of the Union were fighting for this freedom and equality that Abraham Lincoln, was talking about. African American contributions were not trammel to the role of working the fields in the south or render labor for industry in the north.Many African Americans in both south and north participated in either direct or supporting roles in the military. The War Between the States proved to be a war fought for democracy. The tone ending that the slaves had been waiting for, recovered the ideas that founded the United States of America. All men were equal beneath the law. Since, the African Americans made such a persistent effort the changes were made more quickly. Africans pushed for their own emancipation by resisting their masters and other labor tasks.Although a formal Emancipation Proclamation and Thirteenth Amendment freed blacks in America, it wo uld be a long time before they received all the rights they deserved. The minds of Americans had been so engrained with racism only decades of hard work would lessen this. Works Cited 1) Freeman, Elsie, Wynell Burroughs Schamel, and blue jean West. The Fight for Equal Rights A Recruiting Poster for Black Soldiers in the Civil War. Social Education 56, 2 (February 1992) 118-120. 2) Blacks in the Civil War. . Colorado College. Web. 3 Mar 2013. <http//www2. coloradocollege. edu/Dept/HY/Hy243Ruiz/Research/civilwar. h

Ojibwe aboriginals in Cass Lake/Leech Lake Minnesota Including their History Treaties Essay

I. IntroductionThe Ojibwe (Plural Ojibweg) are masses who belong to the First kingdom and of a big Native American language group. They are on top in damage of prevalence among the North American internal language folk musics. Scholars and Elders of Ojibwe perceive that the group has pastal relations with some(prenominal) separate muckles that share some language points. The Ojibwe oral tradition gives light to such(prenominal) speculations as it assigns the Ojibwe to be part of the Three Fires of Anishinabe, along with the Ottawa and the Potawatomi (Turtle Island Productions, 2003).In the Ojibwe language, Anishinabe pertains to original mint, original man, or one of the raft. This is how the Ojibwe pile prefer to be c all in alled. The word Ojibwe is spelled in many forms, owing to how the Euroepans of early condemnations comprehend and spelled it. Some of the forms include Ojibewa, Ojibwe, Otchipwe, Chippewa, or Chippeway (Turtle Island Productions, 2003). For the pu rposes of this paper, the term Ojibwe leave be utilisationd.The Gaa-zagaskwaajimekaag, or the bloodsucker Lake Indian Reservation, houses the Ojibwe people in the north-central move of manganese. jibe to the census of 2000, it is the largest Indian substitute in the state, with its population amounting to 10,205 in that stratum ( phlebotomize Lake Indian Reservation, 2007). The almost dominant community deep d confess it is the Cass Lake. Ten other communities within the making include Bena, Pennington, Sugar Point, lubber Club, Onigum, Smokey Point, Inger, Squaw Lake, Mission and Oak Point (Indian personal business Council, 2007).How the Ojibwe people came to live in this area of Minnesota and how their settlement was established throughout histories of treaties will be the subject of this paper. Contemporary issues that face the Ojibwe people of Leech Lake will oerly be discussed.II. The Leech Lake Ojibwe and their HistoryAccording to history shared through oral trad ition, the Ojibwe people originally lived along the bays of North America, speculated to be both in Hudson Bay or in St. Lawrence gulf. By the 1400s, the climate in the North America became way cold so that in effect, the jump Ojibwe caboodles pertinacious to move towards Lake Huron, and later further north to occupy the shores of Michigan. Their course continued westward until they reached Lake Superior in the 1500s (Sultzman, 2000).Pushed by war and fur trade, the Ojibwe people do an expansion towards the west, east and south until they had control over a vast portion of southern Ontario and lower Michigan in 1701, and won over the northern portions of Wisconsin and Minnesota in 1737. Movements continued until the Ojibwe people had settlements in so many areas by the 1800s, Minnesota to include. However, eventual coup of the whites ripd the Ojibwe onto reservation (Sultzman, 2000).another(prenominal) way to view the Ojibwe migration is to take subsequently what their oral tradition discusses that one of their miigis or radiant cosmoss related a prophesy that the Ojibwe people should move further west if they desire to watch their traditions amidst the arrival of European immigrants. Thus the Ojibwe people do the movements discussed above, some of them at last settling in Minnesota (Ojibwa, 2007).It was on the small islands of Leech Lake where the Ojibwe in Minnesota start-off settled in the 1700s. The area became home to the coddler Ojibwe and Mississippi bands, but southwest portions of it were taken by 1847 treaties to be allot for the tribes that were moved from Wisconsin. (Ojibwa, 2007). The rest of the Leech Lake Ojibwe lands were relinquished to the United States governance by the treaty of 1885, leaving the Ojibwe with the establishment of the 670,000-acre Leech Lake Indian Reservation (Oakes, February, 2005).The first treaties that were set in place were usually termed as Peace and friendship Treaties. The aim of such treaties is to build healthy ties among the Ojibwe people and the Europeans. Such treaties provided the rump for resource sharing to be made possible between the aborigines and the settlers (Ojibwa, 2007).The treaties that followed, however, entailed cessions of lands. These were perceived to overhaul as advantageous for the territorial interests of the U.S. However, such cessions were not tended to(p) by clear terms that were understood entirely by the Ojibwe people. The flat coat behind this is the disparate heathenish perspectives of the Ojibwe and the government regarding the land. The government sees the land as a commodity, and something of worth at that. Thus, for them, land could be purchased, entitled for exclusion, and traded without ascendence (Ojibwa, 2007).The Ojibwe people, on the other hand, perceive land to be non- easy lay. For them, land should be shared completely to everyone, in the same way that water, air and temperateness should be treated. During the period of trea ty conferences, the Ojibwe did not know anything about exclusive land ownership or entitlement, moreover of selling land. Thus, modern time legal debates on treaties and of interpreting them usually expound on the dissimilarity among cultural understanding of terms in such treaties. Only with cultural sensitivity and comprehension could obligations and rights based on such treaties could be understood (Ojibwa, 2007).One such treaty where cultural sensitivity could be use would be that of 1864. With the intention of transferring other Ojibwe bands in Minnesota to Leech Lake, the 1864 conformity was made to expand and fortify the reservation. Changes in plans were made however so that in 1967, the White Earth Reservation was established to house all of the Ojibwe. 1873 and 1874 executive director orders reduced the lands of the Leech Lake Reservation (Indian Affairs Council, 2007).Tax forfeitures, allotments, and seizures for government forests and parks later reduced the remaining land until only or so five to six percent of the original area was left to the Ojibwe people (Giese, 1997). The severe reduction of Ojibwe lands was the gravest that any tribe in Minnesota has experienced. This was made worse by the increasing valuation for the lakes and forests of the reservation as whites progressively settled in Minnesota. It was only in recent years that the conventionalism of land loss was inverted (Oakes, February, 2005).III. Further Treaties and Relevant Events in Leech Lake Ojibwe HistoryIn 1881, the United States Army Corps of Engineers began to build dams at lake outlets including that of Cass and Leech Lake to provide a stable water power for Minneapolis. In the course of such activities, water levels rose seven feet such that Ojibwe homes, rice beds, food and sepulcher drive were destroyed (Oakes, February, 2005).Meanwhile, the Dawes affect of 1887, along with the Nelson Act of 1889, made it possible for individual Ojibweg to be allotted and sell p arts of reservations lands to settlers, railroads, and timber companies. Because of land sales, fraud, and tax forfeitures, more Ojibweg lost their lands through these Acts (Oakes, February, 2005).By 1898, the Leech Lake Ojibwes anger over their loss of land and heedless enter activities in the area reached boiling point, resulting in gunfire switch over that lasted for three days and seven finiss among federal soldiers. The battle was recorded as the last between American soldiers and American-Indian natives. In gratitude to the stoppage of what could be a full-blast Ojibwe revolt, the government forgave the involved Ojibweg. In 1908, the concern of aggressive logging activities in the region pushed the United States government to form the Chippewa National Forest (Oakes, February, 2005).It was in 1912 when a white family started the pioneer fishing resort on Cass Lake. From there, several people followed suit until tourism became the reservations second study industry, though it was not the natives who drew much of the profit. On the other hand, 1925 dictum to the decline of timber supply in Cass Lake and the fall of the great logging boom (Oakes, February, 2005).In 1933, the outpour of white settlers in the reservation ended as the US Government Land Office in the area closed. heretofore to date, white settlers in the area remain to be more than half(a) (Oakes, February, 2005).1937 saw to the Leech Lake Ojibwe adopting its first ever constitution. Legal activities of the tribe create as 1972 saw to the Ojibwe band settling a lawsuit for the reassertion of their right to hunt, fish, and gather within the bounds of the reservation beyond what is modulate by the state. This was the first of its kind and affirms the drive of the Ojibwe people to bear their traditions alive, beyond the restrictions of the government (Oakes, February, 2005).The year 1975 was witness to the growing determination of the Ojibwe people to repugn for their rights as a peo ple when 75 Ojibwe students walked out of their classes in complain against racism, cultural insensitivity, and discrimination in Cass Lake Junior-Senior High School. In response to this, the Ojibwe people started the culture-based school, Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig, for their youth (Oakes, February, 2005). To date, the school is showing great progress.Meanwhile, the Ojibwe started operating casinos in 1983 afterwards the rule of the federal courts stated that Indian tribes must be presumptuousness the liberty to gamble, as respect to their culture. In 1998, the Ojibwe created its own police force through a federal grant, by which it started to administer its own well-mannered rules (Oakes, February, 2005).It was in 2002, however, that a major breakthrough in the political theater happened when Elaine Fleming became the first Ojibwe to be elected as mayor by the residents of Cass Lake (Oakes, February, 2005).IV. The Leech Lake Ojibwe TodayToday, the Leech lake Ojibwe culture remains vib rant and developing. The Ojibwe in the reservation continue attending jiingotamog gatherings for their spiritual customs, and the niimiidimaa for their social customs. Traditional methods of hunting, harvesting, and making medicines and kale are solace creation prolonged. Ojibwe people still participate in sun dance ceremonies. Even the sacred scrolls of old are being kept hidden for future interpretation (Ojibwa, 2007).Ojibwe people excessively maintain their traditional burial methods of erecting Spirit houses over burial mounds and markers made of wood with the deads doodem written on it. These special burial grounds perk up been viewed with much value that they commit become endanger to thieves. The Native American Graves security department and Repatriation Act was made to serve to such issues and have benefited the preservation of the Ojibwes burial traditions (Ojibwa, 2007).The Leech Lake Ojibwe band has also been pioneering in securing their rights to fish, hunt, an d plant wild rice practices which are enter in their culture as a people (Indian Affairs Council, 2007). Another aspect that determines the maintenance of the Leech Lake Ojibwes cultural integrity is its subsequence of its traditional extraction of medicine and food from plants, as well as other such activities bound by tradition (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007).Meanwhile, the Leech Lake Ojibwe had organized community councils with the intent of airing their political concerns. They have also seen to it that they have their own means to health services, education, fire protection, and such community necessities. The band even started a burial insurance design in 1995 (Indian Affairs Council, 2007).As for the State, it pays the Leech lake Ojibwe tribe for controlling its use of resources within the reservation. Furthermore, the Ojibwe also deputizes the conservation officers of the State so that their own tribal natural resource codes will be enforced (Indian Affairs Co uncil, 2007).Because the Ojibwe band was permitted to operate casinos, such casinos have made the band Cass Countys biggest employer (Indian Affairs Council, 2007). Through an Ojibwe currently residing in Oregon, the Leech Lake Ojibwe also markets their very own products of wild rice and locally-made craft baskets internationally (Giese, 1997).Today, the Leech Lake Ojibwe tribe decided that the reservation must keep its existence in line with the treaties and executive orders upon which it was founded. This is because even with the said treaties and orders at place, they could still exist as a people within the bounds of their cultures, traditions, and beliefs (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007).For one, the tribe still holds its constitutional and natural sovereign power over the reservation and its people. Further, the tribe also holds power over the activities of outsiders in the reservation, for as long as such activities affect or threaten to affect the well-being, poli tical integrity, heath, and economic security of the Leech Lake Ojibwe (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007).The Ojibwe people, with the treaties in place, are also able to maintain regulatory authority over the water resources of the reservation. This is because having the intrinsic rights to the reservations waters, their intent is to ascertain that their water resources would remain practicable for generations to come, the reservation being their permanent home. The Ojibwe people of Leech Lake also serve for the protection and preservation of its waters since with this comes the promotion of the tribes historic and religious set. By doing so, they are also able to maintain a suitable environment for the reservations wildlife, something which has been embedded in the values of the Ojibwe as a people (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007).However, though the Ojibwe people of Leech Lake have been perceived to have maintained their culture and traditions, a sad fact loom s over the band. The number of youths in the reservation who have been involved in drugs, alcohol, violence, and imprisonment is appalling. Murders have been common in the area. Statistics indicate that the Leech Lake Reservation is one of the worst places for children in all of Minnesota (Oakes, April, 2004).A 1999 government research found Cass County to be the poorest in terms of childrens safety and health. It was also determined in 2002 to have the most children who live in foster and care homes. Majority of these cases entail Ojibwe children who were flea-bitten by their parents or taken forcibly away from them on grounds of neglect, delinquency, or even abuse. The main thrust behind this seems to be alcoholism, which kick up the Ojibwe people of whatever age and gender. Parents leave their children behind on accounts of being drunk, or imprisoned because of some crime they did while drunk (Oakes, April, 2004).Thus, death looms eight years earlier over the lives of the Ojibw e in the Leech Lake reservation (Oakes, April, 2004). And this fact is something to be bothered about, especially when considering the current status and welfare of the Leech Lake Ojibwe people. It is a threat that must be dealt with, if the centuries of battling with treaties, fighting for their rights, and maintaining their cultures and traditions will not be put into waste.The Ojibwe of Leech Lake are a splendiferous people who have a great history behind them, and a great culture and tradition with them. It thus matters, more than the treaties, to make efforts to keep their welfare and their people alive, because if not, we know that something great will die.

Thematic Study on A.K.Ramanujans Poetry

Introduction A. K. Ramanujan is matchless of the interesting poets in the twentieth century Indian English literature. His metreline is between 1929 and 1994. His meter attained its popularity in 1960s. He is considered as the voice of modern India, though he shows his sound root in Indian tradition and refining. Among his contemporaries A. K. Ramanujan seems grave and guileless due to variety of themes prevailed in his numbers. He is non only a poet but in same(p) manner the superlative translator. He is famous for his translations rather than a nonher(prenominal) creative stools. His Major Works An astonished classic Ramanujan has written legion(predicate) metrical compositions.They were ga in that locationd and put in four volumes under one appellation The Collected Poems. Of these four volumes The Striders, Relations, and Second Sight were published in his emotional state time. His fourth collection The Black Hen was published after his manners time in 1995. He is a transnational figure and trans-disciplinary scholar. His pedantic research ranged across five languages Tamil, Kannada, English, Telugu and Sanskrit. His major translation works atomic number 18 The Interior Landscapes Love Poems from a Classical Tamil Anthology, Speaking of shibah and Hymns for the Dr causeing.Themes in his verse His Collected verses represents the rich sensitivity, intellectual rigour and feeling. approximately of his poesys though intensely personal, have a universal dimension of their own. The principal(prenominal) themes of his poetry atomic number 18 Indian acculturation and tradition, family and relations, past memories, finesse, love, desp send out, death, myth, hybridism, etc. ,. They atomic number 18 full of humour, irony, paradox and sudden reversals. He is really a poet of memory, commotion, sisterhood impressions, reverence, sorrow, common sufferings and conflicts. Art as a ThemeThe presention or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting and sculpture is cognise as art. Poetry and other works produced by such skill and imagination can be coiffure under this procreative term art. In the song The Black Hen Ramanujan portrays the art of writing poetry. He explains that poetry should come naturally as leaves come to a tree. This natural way of writing the poetry is evidenced with the lines It must come as leaves to a tree or not at all. (1-3) Further the following lines, the scandalous hen with the red corpulent midpoint n the embroidery stitch by stitch. (5-8) -show the painful and hard kind of writing poetry. present the poet comp ars the black hen with the poetry. The term embroidery refers to the luxurious and decorative work which is done for the poetry. The phrase stitch by stitch suggests the hard labour done for writing poetry. The poet to a fault expresses the reverent fear of the poets through and through the lines the black hen st ato mic number 18s with its round red eye and you ar afraid. (11-13) According to the poet if a creative work is done once, fear grips the fabricater or he stargons at his own work.Thus the total rime Black Hen deals with the symbolization of art and creativity. The externalise of the black hen symbolizes poetry. Theme of Time Time is a dimension in which events can be ordered from the past through the present into the future, and also the measure of durations of events and intervals between them. Time has long been a major fount of study in religion, philosophy, science and art. Ramanujan focusses on the theme of time in his poem At cypher The first stanza of the poem At Zero has an image of measure.The poet says that when the clocks drop off their tongues and when the hands fall off there give be no occurrence of sound. in that respect is a symbol of zero with this silence of clock. It is also the symbol of emptiness too. The image of clock and pendulum in the clock surel y reveal the passage of time. There are set ahead more references of time through the lines time pieces on wrists and towers lose time. (5-7) In Ramanujans view, the time is totally lost by the time pieces on wrists and towers.Though the first stanza speaks approximately the loss of time, the second stanza concentrates on the motion of time, which is considered as the victory of time. The lines which express the victory of time are following though the wheels turn, the cogs catch at the centre of the white, black, or impress face, the axle, dot of metal, turns continually.. (10-14) Here the phrase turns continually perfectly matches with the social movement of time. The two hands of the clock and twelve numbers definitely indicate the time and its message.Ramanujan opines that the twelve numbers say nothing when they are not touched by the two hands inserted in the clock. He to boot tells that time just keeps on moving. In an airport people are waiting for their flight to take off, they go on measuring the time. In Ramanujans description their eyes look but cant see anything and their ears listen but cannot hear anything. At any put at anytime, time is not going to stop its function. It moves on and does its duty. It remembers the readers an Indian pr all overb Time and tide waits for none. Theme of Indian polish and TraditionEach country of the land has its own culture, with many customs, traditions and down qualities. The culture of India refers to the religions beliefs, customs, traditions, languages, ceremonies, arts, values and the way of purport in India and its people. Ramanujans poetry reveals his strong faith in Indian culture and tradition. The second stanza of the poem At Zero starts with the line blank Brahmin-widow faces. This blank widow faces make the readers to remember a typical Indian widow. It expresses the Hindu way of life in India. The last stanza of the poem concentrates on the potter-saint, who is ready to offer his child to God.He resembles a typical Indian saint and the ancient culture of India. The lines almost the potter-saint are .. potter-saint singing hymns, dancing his god, kneaded with his feet the soft red clay, entombment alive his youngest child. (38-42) The potter-saint considers his job only to pray to God. Ramanjuan has given a scriptural reference here. Moreover the potter-saint resembles biblical character Abraham. His poem Fire also has a certain Indian traditions. It has a paradoxical view on fire. It symbolizes both creation and remnant of fire.The second stanza of the poem Fire portrays the destruction of fire with the lines Ordinary wood blocks delivered at the door. A box of matches bought at the corner store. And here this supernatural fire that can burn the endure down, maybe the whole neighbourhood, (7-10) Here the term the supernatural fire makes the readers to value of Indian rituals which can be done with fire. Theme of Hindu shade The Indian Hindu culture is a culture of love, respect, honoring others and change ones own ego so that the inner nature, which is naturally pure and modest, will shine forth.He has described some of the important Hindu traditions and culture of India. His poem Of Mothers, among Other Things is concentrated on the descriptions of his mother, where there are certain elements of Hindu mythology. In the third stanza her hands are compared with an eagle a wet eagles two black pink-crinkled feet one talon crippled. Here the image of the eagle does not seem to go well with the wingting, elegant and fragile personality. Though this comparison is unusual, in Hindu mythology the eagle is the fomite of the Supreme God, Vishnu. The poet associates the eagle with the female figure.There is an indication in this poem that after his acquires death, his mother assumes the role of his gravel. There is a little bunch of four poems around the Hindu thought. They are A Hindoo to his body, The Hindoo he doesnt Hurt a Fly or a Spider either, The Hindoo he reads his Gita and is calm at all events and The Hindoo the Only Risk. These are the poems from his first collection The Striders. These titles themselves show his strong faith in Hindu culture. The opening lines of The Hindoo to His Body are Dear pursuing presence,/ dear body and so on.This is an example of Hindu beliefs regarding body. (Chindhale 70-71) Immigrant writings in his poetry His poem Salamanders describes the mentality of an immigrant in a foreign country. It seems that the poet deals with this poem his own experience in North America. Salamanders are really legendry creatures. The poet presents the pure image of salamanders to portray the immigrants. In the second stanza of the poem the term we refers to the immigrants. The phrase flee in panic expresses the status of the immigrants, who are in need to work and who wish to work hard.The poet describes the salamanders in the third stanza through the following lines Salamanders Id heard live in fir e and drink the ignite as we the air (10-12) the like human beings breath with the help of the air for our survival, salamanders drink the fervor and live in fire. The poet calls the salamanders naked earthlings. He additionally portrays its beauty through the lines poor yet satin to the eye, velvet to the touch. (16,17) Ramanujan opines that immigrants are like salamanders.They are burning inside and eating fire such as tension, anxiety, urge to lead their life in foreign countries. They have flame within their heart for using the prosperity of foreign lands to lead their life. Their miserable and pathetic fountain of dependence of the foreign lands is explained in the poem Salamanders. Like the lizards waiting for the dragonflies, immigrants are waiting for their ambitions to be fulfilled. It can be viewed further as the waiting for the production of new times. The new generation refers to the special(prenominal) generations in which the new born people are going to ast onishment the foreigners.Here the hopelessness of the poet to have such a wonderful generation is revealed through the lines only Hollywood aliens who know us only through legends.. (33,34) Thus the poem Salamanders deals with the emotions and feelings of immigrants. Theme on War His poem Salamanders tells the readers about the warfare and its worst quality. He tells the readers about the things, which cannot be happened in this world. They are revealed through the lines yellow shade in yellow shadow, empty hub of the bit wheel, mother and father of farever unborn, obeying edicts written in smoke by war for countries hat never were- (21-25) These lines mean that there cannot be an empty hub in the turning wheel, there cannot be a yellow shade in the yellow shadow and there cannot be father and mother for the unborn child. With these illustrations Ramanujan explains that there cannot be a country where there is a war. His Poetry on Admiring Traditions Foundlings in the Yukon of Rama nujan is written carefully for adoring and admiring traditions and obsolescent age. This poem shows his great faith in old. He really view the old age. Along with the admiration of tradition Ramanujan shows the subordination of modernized and cutting-edge world.His adoration of tradition is expressed through the lines ten thousand geezerhood after their time, they took root within forty-eight hours and sprouted a candelabra of eight small leaves. (10-15) The explanation of these lines is that the six unbroken grains, which were found by the miners, were picked and planted after ten thousand years of their lifetime. It definitely shows the greatest and superior quality of the old and tradition. The poet shows the inferior quality of modern world through the following lines A modern Alaskan lupine, Im told, waits collar years to come to flower,.. (16-20) The ancient grains start to grow with in two days where as the modern lupine waits to grow for three years. It shows the subor dination of the modern period to the ancient time. The poets respect for old age is further revealed by the lines older than the oldest things alive, having skipped a million waterfall and the registry of tree-rings, suddenly younger by an accident of flowering(41-46). Nostalgic Experiences in his Poems Past always hunts Ramanujan. His poetry is the poetry of restored emotions and feelings.Most of his poems are reflecting his memory. His poem necrology discusses the death of his father and his own sufferings. In the beginning of the poem he has written Father when he passed on left dispel on a table full of paper left debts and young ladys, (1-4) These lines express the poets mourning for his loneliness. He feels the pain of missing his lovable father in this poem. The following lines too tell the readers about the pathetic thoughtfulness of her mother and the burden of annual ritual. They are And he left us a changed mother and more than one annual ritual. 53-56) His poem thre esome Dreams also has certain elements of nostalgic experiences. It is about the fellowship given to him for doing research. There he thinks about his worst condition of shelter where he belonged at the time of getting that fellowship. It is shown through the lines Before I knew it I was in a ruined house lit by rains of dust in the light sleeping through the cracks and the broken windows. (9-13) The poets bad condition of the shelter at the time of getting his fellowship is ruminated by the poet in the poem Three Dreams. Family Relationships in his PoetryAlmost all of Ramanujans poems are written with his own feelings, emotions and memories. His own family life, his childhood memories, his pleasures, struggles, sufferings, love, etc are in the main the subject matters of his poetry. Obituary which is a poem about his own father and Of Mothers, among Other Things, a poem dedicated to his mother are the scoop examples for the elements of family relations. His poem Relations deals w ith the poets strong faith in family. He describes the behaviour of the family members through many of his poems. In his Of Mothers, among Other Things he describes his mother.For illustration in the beginning of the poem the poems lines are I smell upon this twisted blackbone tree the silk and white petal of my mothers youth. (1-4) There are many more things revealed in this poem about his mother. His poem Small reflections on a Great House describes the festivals and ceremonies noteworthy by the members of the family with the great enthusiasm. The kinship relationship between him and his family members is explained here. The following lines are the evidences son-in-laws who quite forget their mothers, but stay to check ccounts or determine arithmetic to nieces. Indeed his family members are the characters of most of his poetry. There are cumulus of words related to family relationships like father, mother, grand parents, daughter, wife, grandson, etc. they mainly do the functi ons of decorating ornaments in his poetry. Personal Elements in his Poetry All of his poems discuss his personal life. He is experimental in his poetic style to give free expression to his feelings and emotions. Personally he is an Indian and does not show any kind of inclination or fascination towards English or the American poetry.Moreover he is not influenced by the modernism of English poetry. He belongs to a traditional Hindu family. He has written many poems related to Hindu mythology and Hindu faith. That projects one of his personal elements. His poem Salamanders is a poem which deals with his own experiences in a foreign country. There are many of his poems, in which he ruminates over his past and his childhood memories. His sufferings, his struggles, his pathos, his burdens, his pleasant memories, etc are expressed throughout his poetry. Obituary, Black Hen, Three Dreams, etc are some of his personal poetry.

A tableaux image of the four strong words in the poem: love, hate, war and peace

When I foremost tossed into the stimulus inhabit, I ab initio snarl it was truly much associated with epoch. There were the sound of measures check mark in the bumground, in that location were excessively some pictures of clocks scattered on the al-Qaeda. As I looked to a greater extent or less the elbow room I noniced it was clear divided into three unalike shed light ons. In the right dictationscript partition of the room, divided murder by police tape, thither was a goggle box cont prohibit a television set introduceing a mollycoddle in a womb, sm either fryren shapeing, and hence a pair of eyes. The video hence sighted the sm t a elan ensemble fryren obtain into cock-a-hoops.This was abide byed by a sign existence come issue up near adoption and foste rec solely and pastce went hold up to army the image of the spoil in the womb. The images were copyed continuously. Also in the comp wiznt part was a foul up in a cot, nursery boo ks, a hopscotch marking, several hots roots on the stand with the acquaint originations ab emerge(predicate) Rape, a mirror, fatuous wine-coloured-coloured-coloured bottles, a rise fine with the destination, To figure my runner-year born and besides indite on the floor was serious Diary, Today I met up with some of my friends . I commend the boilers suit approximation of this section of the room was the chivalric.The baby, nursery books and hopscotch marking severally symbolize s loserhood and growing up. I similarly guess thither were legion(predicate) much themes within the section the hopscotch could also re surrender the tour with living or the corresponds of conduct. The train pocket with the destination To Meet My low gear Born could instance bread and entirelyter as a journey. The mirror could stand for hypothesizeing tolerate on your past, similar to the Dear Diary, this could tar arrest how you reflect bet on on your past or you r childhood through a diary you may shake unbroken.The newspapers, ignoring their result sop ups, could lay knocked out(p) how you can look grit on the past, hardly non go tail. The police tape dividing strike that section of the room could also stringent that on that points no loss posterior, you can non cross the police zephyr patronise to the past. The baby and the nursery books, I hypothesize simply show the beginning of vivification, where it e truly(prenominal) began and highlighting the innocence of a takesonish bearing. The empty wine bottles, I count show the stress of growing up, the fully grown multiplication of your past. The newspapers with the headlines ab break Rape also show the darker side of your past, something you may neediness to for lower.The video acting a continuous loop shows the life cycle, the baby in the womb, the children defrauding, then growing into freehandeds. The eye blink of a mortals eyes could cerebrate the images on the video were world looked at through mortals eyes it was mayhap their holding of growing up. The inanimate reckoning showing a sign ab go forth fostering and adoption could show perhaps that the baby in the cot was adopted, or that as you grow older you may non be able to pick out up children. Often couples lease to hazard astir(predicate) adopting or fostering a child. The whole section could comprise star souls life. by chance they argon reflecting covering on their life by and by realising they in counterbalancet were adopted. They may look back realising that most of their life was a lie, galore(postnominal) p arnts who adopt wait until their child is eighteen in the beginning telling them they were adopted. This could show the child vox populi back at his or her life, ad thating to the f doing he or she did not vex from where they had been lead to believe they had. The empty wine bottles could show the stress of learning the truth close to your p ast. The mirror could show how they reflect back at their life, or that you argon comfort the homogeneous mortal within throughout your life.Although your physical appearance changes, and thats what the mirror shows, you n superstartheless bear on the genuinely(prenominal) inside. The quote, Give me the child until he is s restrained, and I de part show you the man explains how you develop your percentageistics by the age of seven and they remain with you for life. As I continued to look around this section of the room, I started to think to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) just about the newspaper headlines, Serial Rapist. I started to distinguish a pattern immerging, the headline about thwart, the police tape, the empty wine bottles.This could all show a story about some tree trunk get infraction, perhaps the baby in the cot was a result of this and then put up for adoption, the m some distinguishable may sport saturnine to alcohol to deal with th e trauma of be raped. The mirror, as headspring as reflecting back on your past could manufacture simply smell at your reflection, tactile property self-conscious. Perhaps as a result of rape, the girl could smell real risky and unglad with her own appearance. The mental torment of world raped could lead her to believe that the image she sees in the mirror is worthless and shamed due to creation raped.In the centre section of the room, there were rafts of word pictures of melting clocks scattered on the floor, a globe, a pear-shaped drawing on the floor of a clock without any hands, there was also a real clock on the floor. There was a grand projection of the painting Scream by Edvard Munch, a mesa cook out for devil people, there were curings of newspapers a bulky the right hand side of this section and also newspapers with only a headline plainly no other text along the leave hand side of this section. I think the oerall theme of this section was the present, nevertheless ask in the past section I think there are umteen more themes within it.The paintings of melting clocks could show how m is rill a modality, how profuse life can go at times and that you should confront(a) from each(prenominal) adept day to the full as you dont k sequent counseling whether itll be your conclusion. The large drawing of a clock on the floor, with no hands could back up the conceit that this section of the room is present as there is no time in the present because when you shake off a fixed time, it is in the past. It could also represent any time, the fact that there are no hands could mean that you dont be intimate when anything leave al atomic number 53 take chances, you cannot predict the future.The real clock on the floor shows the reality that time really is slipping past, indorses tick by all the time, e actuallything you do will suddenly become the past and you cannot change that. The Scream painting shows a person standing on a bridge with their hands to their face, retrieve. This could represent trauma and crisis in life, the person on the bridge is perhaps thinking of ending their life and start into the river below, or maybe just needed a place to escape to, to reflect back on his or her life. The fact that the person is drunken revelrying could mean they are going through a hard time or they are thinking back to a scarred childhood.Like the wine bottles in the past section it could just represent the un bright times in some mavins life. Many other paintings by Edvard Munch include the like bridge or pier, maybe this is a reflection on Edvard Munchs life, it could be a place he ilkd to go when life was getting on top of him, to look back at his own life. The painting can represent many other things, for example the fear in peoples life, perhaps it represents death, or the fact many people are hunted of the sentiment of death although e in truth(prenominal) unmatched has to face it.The newsp apers bordering the past and present section subject matter that w despisever is printed in the newspapers is al authoritys in the past, you can look back at it by rendering the newspapers entirely you cannot visit it. Whereas the newspapers with only a headline and no other text represents the present and future, theres nothing to frame in the newspapers because you dont k without delay what is happening at this very moment or what is going to happen close, as soon as it has happened, when you read something in the newspaper, it is already the past.The table for cardinal, set out neatly with twain plates, deuce sets of narrowlery and ii wine glasses I think represents the diametrical of the Scream painting, the prosperous times in life neck and friendship. It could represent a marriage, or even just two close friends. The globes could show the journey through life, or the fact that all everyplace the world everyone is liveliness at the same time, everyone has a past, a nd a present. Everyone has their own problems in life and however big and great yours are, somewhere cross expressive styles the world someone has their own to deal with and your problems are of no significance to them.I think this section could link into the storyline of the past section, the Scream painting could represent the trauma the rape victim went through or even how the child entangle subsequently finding out it was adopted. The table set out for two could show the happier times in their life, maybe the reunited beget and child after many years apart or it could represent a life getting back on track after a rattling(a) event, sharing times with friends and family. The melting clocks show how time was trickle a mode and how you can never get it back, years would have been drawn being discourage and rec all overing from the trauma of being raped.In the leave section of the room there is a table set out for one, a train ticket with a destination To pro commit to F iona, a large question mark drawn on the floor, a pose draped in a dim cloth with a bloom on top, a vase of flowers, a bundle in a smutty cloth near to the coffin with a rosiness on top, a gravestone with no name or date, the words Dear Diary.. pen on the floor that with nothing following and on the floor, there was a white cloth. The boilersuit theme of this section of the room was the future.The table for one, is linked to the table set out for two in the present section of the room, this could show death of a assistant or dissever or even friends falling out. The white cloth on the floor could show the blank future, nothing has been written on it yet. It could also represent heaven and peace when you die. The coffin represents death, the black cloth draped over it could show how many people fear death. The coffin had a rose placed upon it, this shows be intimate and how when you are gone, theres al expressions someone silence alive, deficient you. The coffin could b e linked to the table for one, it could explain that the partner or friend died.The black cloth next to the coffin could show something machine-accessible to the person in the coffin next to it, their soul or constitution for instanced and how that is no longer there when a person dies. The rose upon this black cloth once again can represent the cacoethes of someone youve left(p)(a) over(p) hind end. The large question mark drawn on the floor could represent many things, how the person died or the fact that its little- make loven as to what happens when we die, or that we dont k directly what the future holds. The Dear Diary without any thing written after shows that we dont know what is going to happen to us in the future.Our diaries are blank until we write in them our future is blank until we live it. The train ticket again shows the journey through life. The destination is To propose to Fiona , this could be linked to the table for one, maybe the man went to propose to Fiona but she didnt feel the same, expiration him only when, represent by a table set out for one. The gravestone had nothing written on it apart from RIP In loving storehouse of Born Died I think this shows that we dont know when we are going to die, or who is going to die, when. This also shows that everyone will die, even though we dont know how or when.The flowers represent the love for someone, when people lay flowers on a grave at a funeral it is because they want to show their remark and love for the person who died and how there will be a part of their life missing without them. This section of the room could also link into the storyline of the other two sections. The bundle of cloth next to the coffin could represent an abortion, perhaps the rape victim had chosen to have an abortion. There would be no coffin because the baby was unborn but the rose still shows how there was still love for the unborn baby.The gravestone again could represent an abortion, there would be no name, or birth date as it hadnt been born. The large question mark could represent the unknown female parent and engender perhaps of the adopted child, it could have been an aban maked baby. It could also represent the unknown rapist and link to the past section with the police tape. On the tables, at the side of the room, not in any of the sections were several poems Time after time, Funeral Blues and an extract from Ecclesiastes in the bible. all told of these tie into the three sections of the room and the overall theme of time.They also relate to the many other themes in the room, Funeral Blues by W. H. Auden is obviously cerebrate to death. It shows the love for someone who died and how they will miss them now they are gone. He was my North, my South, my East and West, My working week and my Sunday rest It is from the stopover of view of someone left behind, someone now but left to make do with the death of a partner. This could relate to the table for one, a partn er dying and how the person will miss them. I model that love would last forever I was wrong. The extract from Ecclesiastes in the Bible, links into the idea of past, present and future. It shows how in your life, there will come a time for everything, a time to be born, and a time to die It elaborates the idea that everyone will one day die, everyone has their time. Nobody should be afraid of death, it shouldnt something to be panic-struck of as one day everyone will face it. The poem also includes many opposites, love, hate, war and peace, and explains that in everyones life there will come a time to do all these things. a time to love, and a time to hate a time for war, and a time for peace. ontogenyThe beginning(a) mankind of hard-nosed work we develop from the stimulus room, was establish on the Ecclesiastes poem extract from the Bible. We foc utilize on four picky lines from it a time to love, and a time to hate a time for war, and a time for peace. We had to construc t a tableaux image of the four hard words in the poem love, hate, war and peace. The maiden image out sort out started to work on was love. We opinionated each member of our convention would hold a still image that represented various large-hearteds of love. Georgina and I held a still image of two kindles cradling a baby, showing their love for that child and each other.In this image I play the fetch, attribute the baby whilst Georgina compete the mother gazing lovingly at the baby, our facial vistas were happy to show our love for one another and the child. We also started to think about different kinds of love, not only love for other people but love for other things in life. Eliot contumacious to hold the image of someone eating a burger this was to represent someones love for food. Whilst holding an imaginary burger to his mouth, his expression was content to show how much he was enjoying it. Andy and Fiona held the still image of two people getting married in a wedd ing ceremony. smell lovingly into each others eyes, they showed their love for each other, the most common kind of love. Katie compete a emit fan at a concert, overjoyed to show her love for a particular band. We then started to think about the still image we would hold for hate. Georgina and I, ins tead of cradling the baby, we held the image of two stranded parents, fighting over custody for the child. We represented this by, Eliot playing the child and Georgina and I pulling at each of his fortification to show our love for one another had gone and now we hated each other because we some(prenominal) cute care of the child.We werent lining each other or the child and our facial expressions showed we were very angry yet determined to be the parent looking after the child. Andy, Katie and Fiona held a block off frame to show a big argument, they all had sexd arms and very angry expressions, this showed their hate for one another. The next still image we worked on was pea ce. Instead of all holding different still images to represent this, we all stood in a lick and held hands. This showed that everyone in that circle were friends, there was no war or competitivenesss in the midst of us, everyone was happy and smiling.The last block off frame we had to create was for war. We persistent to show different kinds of war, the regular kind of war and also conflict and war amidst friends and family. We represented the typical kind of war mingled with countries by Eliot laying dead on the floor whilst Andy and I stood over him holding guns, we had hateful looks on our faces as we looked raze to the man we had killed. Georgina, Katie and Fiona represented war and conflict among friends and family by all standing with their backs to one another, with stern expressions.We also had to use the convention of melt and change to link each of our four images. We decided to create a still image that we would start, culture and use between each of our four images. Our image that we would use to morph between the four debar down frames we created was all of us, standing with our heads down facing inwards, in a circle. This was to show the state of nothingness, no war, no peace, no love, and no hate. We evolved from this into each of our images and then back afterwards. I think the way we linked the images worked in force(p)ly because it showed four definite states war, peace, love and hate.Also it showed the light-colored transition from peace to war, love to hate and represented how easy it is to go from one to the other. The sheaths I vie in this instal were a bring in the still image for love, a gravel in the still image for hate, I was part of the circle in our representation of peace and I vie someone having just killed another person in war. In the first image, I stood as the father looking very happy and lovingly at my child with a big smiling on my face. In the second image, I had a more serious and hateful expressi on, despising of my ex-wife and determined to get custody of my child.In the one-third gear image, I stood as part of the peace circle, we all held hands and smiled to show there were no conflicts between us and we were all friends. For the last image, war, I had a very angry but satisfied look on my face as I stood over the body I had killed. The next enchantment of practical work we did was based on the same poem but we had to digest on the lines of war and hate. We were asked to think about wherefore it would maintain in the bible that hate and war are justified. We then had to create a medical prognosis or imagery to explain wherefore hate or war would be justified.The storyline our classify came up with was about a very happy family, until the mother of the family was killed in a car crash. The father is left to look after the children on his own and lastly decides he cannot cope and walks out to leave the children alone. The children then start to make do over contro l of the family and the two eldest boys walk out to leave the last of the family, two girls alone. The girls, left alone, hate their father. This is justified because he walked out on the family just after their mother had died, when they needed him most.He left them on their own just because he felt up he couldnt cope with being a single parent with four children. We based this story around a family picture showgraph. Our first video showed a typical family ikon, everyone smiling with arms around each other, the mother and father standing at the back with their four children kneeling in front of them. Everyone spoke occasionally truism things like, Smile for the camera and Say cheese From this perfect picture we went to the stab where the mother died. We all went and sat on chairs set out like a car, the children in the back and the mother and father in the front.The children were joust in the back and, I, who compete the father, was reading the paper in the front, leavin g the mother to drive and control the children. Soon after, there are screams as the car crashes, we represented this by all lentoly moving advancing, we froze with our heads on our knees for a few seconds then gradually sat up again, looking weary and in pain. Fiona, who played the mother, remained with her head on her knees to show that she was dead and not going to sit back up again. We then move back to the family photograph, this time without the mother.Here is where we included some melancholy unison to emphasize the feeling of grief and unhappiness in the family. We again stood in the same rank, ready for a photograph to be taken. I, playing the father, guess to get everyone to smile saying, Come on now kids, its what your mother wouldve wanted, smile for the camera. We then all froze for a few seconds to show the photograph, everyone looking deeply unhappy and not like they wanted to be there. after(prenominal) this I step antecedent, go through the children, I so ur towards them and said, Im really sorry, I just ant cope and then walk out of the picture. Here we went back again to the family photograph, this time its only the children in it. The two oldest children, who Eliot and Andy played start to argue about who should take control of the family, who should be the man of the house and then they both leave the picture as well. Then we are left with condolence and Katie sitting on the floor, reflecting on their family falling apart, imagining what it wouldve been like if it was their father who died kinda of their mother.At this point the family is reunited as if it was I, the father, was dead. Fiona and the children stood in the picture go down while I sat where Fiona was sitting in the car with my head on my knees. In this functioning I played the father, in the first picture I was as happy as the rest of the family, enjoying having their photo taken. later the crash, in the next picture, my lineament was grieving his dead wife, I showed this by looking very cark, but forcing a smile to judge and encourage the rest of the family to smile for the photo.After this the father had decided he couldnt cope, as I walked through the children I held my head low to show he was regretting his decision and not wanting to look his children who he is abandoning, in the face. The father is a coward and as I said that I couldnt cope I spoke very quietly and disinclinedly. We employ many conventions in this action scare off back, tableau ( halt frame) and slow move. A flash back is where you move from one jibe to another notion in the past. We used the flash back when we showed how the mother died and wherefore she had dropped out of the picture.This worked well as it allegeed the auditory sense as to why she wasnt in the next family photograph and why the family started to fall apart. We also used slow effort. Slow motion is when characters in the play act a lot slower than normal. We used this when we showed th e car crash. I think it do the performance look more professional, rather than all falling on the floor, we all fell forward in slow motion and the fact that the mother didnt get up showed her death, I think this worked well. A tableau or a pin frame is where characters on stage freeze in fixed positions.The freeze frames we used on every family photograph worked well because each one was different. There were less family members on each photo and for the remaining family members, their expressions grew s caterer to show how distressing it was to see your family, leaving. We also added medicament after the crash to add more sense datum and sadness to the picture. The practice of medicine grew louder and stronger until it stopped when the family was reunited. I think all the conventions worked really well with our ideas and added more emotion and feeling to the element.The next part of the stimulus room we created a performance from was the Scream painting by Edvard Munch. We had to create a region of shimmer explaining how someone would get into much(prenominal) a state to pull this scream pose and then the aftermath. Firstly, we brainstormed ideas as to why we think the person in the painting was screaming, who he was and what happened. We came up with many ideas about the person having no friends or family, maybe being out of a task or just being generally depressed about his life.For our performance, we firstly had to create a walk of the character down the pier as shown in the painting. Eliot played our main scream character we had to do this first movement piece to music. To begin our piece, we decided not to have the character walk down a pier but instead to walk through the passage way of a train. The central character had to be slow, and all the other people in the performance were going unbendable around him, this is so the focus of the performance is on the main character. We decided to show this on a train because we could emphasize the primers as to why he is depressed and lonely.As Eliot went to sit down at every seat on the train, someone would walk that little bit red-hot and sit down in it before he could, someone even hurried past him and sat on one chair and put their bag on the one next to it. All the other characters on the train completely handle Eliot. As the central character was slow he would never manage to get a seat and stop up standing up on his own. This is where he held the scream pose for a few seconds. The next part we had to do was 10 seconds of slow motion. For this we showed Eliots irritation building up, he was sick of being ignored, sick of being the one to stand alone.In this slow motion we showed Eliot raising his arms and screaming at the other passengers on the train. We showed this in mime as we melodic theme it looked much more professional. The passengers he was shouting at simply glanced at him thinking he was a lunatic and carried on with what they were doing. For instance I played a man sitting on the train reading a newspaper, when Eliot started to scream at me, I looked up once and then went back to reading my newspaper. This all showed the build up of Eliots irritation and the postulate reasons why he is so depressed and lonely and summed up why he is screaming in the painting.After the 10 seconds of slow motion, of Eliot screaming at the passengers, we had to do 10 seconds of what happens next. Here is where one by one, the passengers get up out of their seats and go, leaving Eliot standing alone in the carriage, even lonelier and upset. After the train crack, we were told to create strokes to describe what has lead the character to the scream, what has happened previously in his life to make him feel so sad and lonely? We showed this by creating three pictorial matters that are flash backs to his earlier life. We started with a flash back to when he was a small child.Eliot and pathos as his sister went running up to their mother, played b y Fiona, to show off paintings they had both done in school that day. The mother immediately dismisses Eliots and leaves the room with his sister, constantly praising her work. This convulsion showed he was in constant rivalry with his sister for their mothers attention, but how Eliot was never appreciated by his mother and was left standing alone in this scene. Our second flash back scene showed his life at school. He was the typical geek and had no luck with the girls.Our scene was set in a school disco where Eliot final examinationly plucks up the courage to ask a girl he likes, to dance, when he was pushed away by another boy who the girl finish up disbursal the dance with. Everyone was spring with their partners at the disco and Eliot was left standing alone, again. For our third flash back we showed Eliot a lot older, in his job. Here we showed him presenting an idea to his imprint, but his boss ignored the idea and soon after gave the tea lady a promotion in front of h im. This showed Eliot, again, not being appreciated, this time by his boss.In all of our flash backs we showed Eliot being ignored and not appreciated, he always finish up being left to stand alone. After these flash back scenes, our group stood, spread out, around the stage. Eliot walked up to each one of us but as he did, we all cancelled our backs on him. This was to symbolise his life, no one being there, everyone spell there back on him and ignoring him. This short scene could perhaps represent Eliot reminiscing on his life and leading him to walk along the pier. After this scene, we showed Eliot, locomote along the pier, like in the painting.Eliot walks up to a line and stops for a few seconds, then he finally move over the line. The line symbolising life and death, him stepping over the line showed his suicide, jumping off the bridge. At this point everyone who had turned their back on him turned around and held an outstretched arm, as if to accentuate and catch him. Af ter this scene we had to create a scene to show peoples answerions to finding out about his death. We did this using the rest of the group, who had stood there with outstretched arms, forming a line. Each person in turn said something in character as one person from each of the flashbacks we did.For example, I played the boss in the flashback of the job and in the line I said, I shouldve given him a chance, I never listened to him and then we repeated the flash back to his job as we did before but changed the detail so his boss looked at his ideas, and gave him a promotion. We did this with all three scenes we flashed back to before and changed them all so Eliot wasnt being ignored but being fully appreciated, this was to show the what if scenario, what if they had listened, what if they hadnt ignored him, he wouldnt have taken his own life.Then realising it was too late, there was no going back, everyone in the line held the scream pose themselves. This was to symbolise the way th ey felt, guilty. It was they who had contributed to Eliot last taking his own life. In this piece of drama I played a man sitting on the train and also Eliots boss in the flashback. For the man in the train, my character was very self-contained and just simply wanted to get from one place to another, reading his paper and not being disturbed.When Eliot began to scream and shout at people, I focused harder on the newspaper to ignore all the goings on in the carriage, contempt it being a man, very depressed and alone, letting all his anger out. I played this character very upper-class, sitting up very straight on the chair, turning my nose up at the goings on in the train and acting very frustrated when I had to raise my newspaper that little bit higher to completely block out my surroundings. When I played the boss in the first real flash back, I wasnt interested in Eliots ideas, more so interested in the shape of tea I was soon to be enjoying.I completely dismiss Eliot when he came up to me, exited to tell me about his new idea. I did not care about his feelings or whether it would be a great idea. When I played this character I was very snappy and couldnt be daunted to look at whatever he had to show and dismissed him with a wave of my hand. When I played the same character standing in the line, I was very regretful and ashamed of my actions towards him, when I said that I wish I had been a better boss I held my head low to show how ashamed I was and spoke quietly and easy.In the what if flash back I was a very happy and tactful boss, welcoming his new idea with opening arms, I played this very kindly towards Eliot and always smiling. The conventions we used in this piece of drama were slow and fast motion, freeze frame, flash back, mime and also used music at the beginning of the performance. We used fast motion to show every one carrying on with their lives around one focal character travel down the train. Fast motion is the opposite of slow motio n where characters act faster than normal. We used the fast motion on the train scene with everyone else on the train apart from Eliot.This helped make Eliot stand out from the other characters. This symbolised that the world is still carrying on with their lives, no matter how terrible he is finding life. We then used a freeze frame when Eliot did the scream pose, this worked well as it showed the link to the painting we used as our stimulus. We then used slow motion and mime in the aftermath of the scream pose and the reactions of the others on the train. Mime is where you act as normal but without harangue a word, but still moving your lips as if you were, we used this when Eliot is shouting and screaming at those on the train who eventually walk off.I think the performance looked more professional because the mime added more emotion and also symbolises the character in a way, he is shouting and screaming but the auditory sense cant hear a word of it, just as many people ignore d him in his life and never listened to anything he had to say. We then flashed back to Eliots past to show why he felt so alone. The conventions all worked really well with the piece and helped the earreach get word why the character is feeling the way he is. For our next piece of drama, we looked at a theme within the stimulus room. We looked at the childhood theme found in the past section of the room.We firstly had to brainstorm what we thought linked to childhood in the room. The hopscotch, the baby, the nursery books and the children playing on the video all tie into the childhood theme. All these objects relating to childhood had a sense of innocence and youth. We brainstormed significant memories of our own childhood and chose 6 ideas to create scenes upon. Our group came up with many ideas for this but the 6 ideas we chose were* A school giving birth play. * Playing in the school resort area. * On a spunky fastness at a party. * Learning to ride a motorcycle. * Writin g earn to Father Christmas. Telling chilling stories at a recreationover. We firstly had to create tableaux images or short scenes of these memories. For our first scene, the nascency play, our group all stood in a line as if on stage at a school play. Georgina and Katie were arguing loudly about the role of Mary shouting, I wanted to be Mary , Ruth played a young girl, transfixed by the auditory modality, smiling stiffly and waving, I played a young boy on stage desperately needing the toilet and dancing about ready to wee myself at any moment and Eliot played a young boy who walked off stage half way through.We all acted very childish and how you would expect very young children to react on stage in front of all their mums and dads. In our second scene, playing in the playground, Eliot and Ruth were playing with a skipping rope, Katie was playing hopscotch alone and I was running away from Georgina who was chasing me in a game of tig. For our third scene, on the bouncy castle , we were all bouncing happily apart from Ruth who is sitting on the edge, too scared to go on it. finally most people left the bouncy castle but I continue to bounce there quite happily on my own. Our poop scene, learning to ride a bike, showed Eliot learning to ride a bike, being taught by Georgina whilst the rest of us played parents and other bragging(a)s reflexion him learn. I played the father of Eliot and we all cheered when he rode the bike on his own. For our one-fifth scene, writing letters to Father Christmas we all laid down on the floor reading as we wrote.I lay there and as I wrote was saying, Dear Santa I have been a good boy this year.. We do it very clear we were children by speaking very slowly as we wrote it and also by fidgeting whilst we were writing. In our final scene, at a sleep over, we all lay there and listened to Ruth telling a ghost story. As it ended we all gasped in horror and eventually turned over and fell asleep. After we had created the 6 ori ginal scenes, we had to repeat them all but with one thing different in each the scene had to be tainted with a bad retrospect. For our nativity play scene we showed Eliot playing a young boy running off crying because his mum hadnt came to watch in the audition.This could show how his mother not turning up, could perhaps leave what should be a happy recollection of a school play, tainted. It could even perhaps be a first of a long line of memories in the boys life of people not being there for him and he may find it a lot harder to trust people in the long run. A small diversion in the past could involve the future a lot more. For the playground scene, Georgina who was chasing me in the playground, deliberately pushed Katie over when she was playing hopscotch and carried on running.This could affect Katies adult life, by having this stock tainted Katie might feel more insecure as an adult and live her life in the shadow of others because of a small bullying incident when she was very young. For the bouncy castle scene, instead of me being left alone quite happily enjoying bouncing along, I was left alone but this time lonely and sad. This tainted retentivity of being left on your own while the other children go off and play somewhere else could have a big affect on posterior life. My character would not want to venture to new things on his own, for fear of being lonely.Perhaps he might follow other people around when hes older so that therell always be someone there. In the repeat of the learning to ride a bike scene, the adults werent as interested as the child achieving to ride the bike but instead all walked back inside, leaving the child outside alone, essay with the bike. This tainted memory could be very influential in later life, the boy may not want to try new things, wont want to tackle challenges in fear of being left alone to try and cope with them.In the repeat of the writing letters to Santa scene, one of the children shouts out, Santas not real , although a small, laughable incident, looking back, this could change a childs life in that they wont be able to trust or believe other people as much and find it difficult to rely on other people. In the tainted scene about telling scary stories, after we had fallen asleep one of the children had a nightmare and woke up clutching her knees and shaking with fear. She was the only one awake and felt scared and alone after hearing the scary story. This could affect her adult life, as she could be easily scared and worried that she will be alone.After creating 6 scenes of childhood memories and 6 scenes of tainted childhood memories we had to create a scene that shows a character from one of the scenes in the future as an adult. We decided to create a scene that showed all the characters from the nativity play scene, in adult life. We kept it similar to the original scene in that the characters were all waiting on stage in a theatre, ready for the curtains to go up. Each ch aracter said their own thoughts aloud before they went on stage. For my character I said, Oh why didnt I go to the toilet before I came on?Its too late now This is similar to the character I played in the nativity play, needing the toilet on stage. All the other characters said their thoughts, similar to the actions of those when they were children in the nativity play. For example Georgina who wanted to be Mary said, Why does she get to play Juliet? She always gets the good parts. Eliot, whose parents didnt turn up in the nativity play said, I know theyre not going to be there, they never turn up. This shows how the tainted memory of the nativity play has been affecting him in later life.From this scene we flashed back to the childhood nativity play scene, this worked very well as we stayed in the same positions and the transition was clear by our sudden childish deportment on stage. The characters I played in the piece of drama are a small boy needing the toilet on stage in the nativity play, a boy being chased in a game of tag in the playground, a boy bouncing on the bouncy castle, left alone at the end, a father honoring his son learn to ride a bike, a small child writing a letter to Father Christmas, a small child at a sleepover listening to a scary story and an adult waiting on stage, desperately needing the toilet.When I played the boy in the nativity play, needing the toilet, I played it with a very desperate face, chagrined that Im on stage and I need the toilet and also by bugging the girl next to me to tell her. I played the boy being chased in the playground with lots of devotion, full of energy, dodging behind chairs and people trying to hide. When I played the boy on the bouncy castle, for the first memory, I played him really happy and exited, enjoying just bouncing up and down, not affected when everyone leaves.On the tainted memory, when everyone leaves my face turned sad, I stood there, still bouncing slightly, looking upset, wondering w hy all my friends had ran off without me. When I played the father in the first memory of the boy learning to ride a bike I played it full of joy, a big smile on my face watching my son learn. On the tainted memory I acted like I wasnt interested, more interested in lecture to my friend about the football than watching my son learn how to ride a bike.When I played the small child writing a letter to Father Christmas, the first memory I played I looking really happy and exited to be writing to Santa and also very much looking forward to Christmas. On the tainted memory I played it very upset and shocked when someone said that Santa wasnt real, as if my dreams had been shattered and betrayed that I had been lie to about it. For the small child at the sleepover I played it very interested in the story being told and exited about what would happen next but scared at the same time.And finally when I played the adult on stage waiting to go on but desperately needing the toilet, I played it very nervous, thinking why I had make such a mistake again. When I said my thoughts I said it with nerves in my voice and embarrassment saying, Why didnt I go to the toilet? . The conventions we used throughout this piece of drama were flash backs, freeze frames, repeating and thought track.We used the flashback to go from the adults on stage to the tainted memory of the nativity play, this worked very well as we were in the same positions and the change between our adult characters and child characters was visible even though we had the same qualities. We used a freeze frame to separate our childhood scenes we ended each scene with one. Repetition is where you repeat something you have already performed, often with a small change to it. We used repetition when we went from one childhood memory to a tainted childhood memory the scene was the same apart from a few details.Thought bring in is where you hear characters thoughts aloud. We used thought track when the adult actors are waiting for the curtain to rise and they say their thoughts, relating back to how they felt when they were children. The conventions added more skill to the piece, the repetition showed the clear difference between the normal and tainted memory and the flashback showed how the tainted memory had effect in later life. The freeze frames stranded each scene from each other and I think gave it more of an effect of being someones memory.For our final scene, we had to choose one object or theme from the stimulus room and create our own performance piece on this idea. Our group chose the newspapers about rape in the past section of the room and the table set one in the future section of the room. The story our group developed was about a girl called Katie being raped. It showed the life of Katie in a what if situation. If she hadnt taken the divert on the way post from the pub, would she have been raped? Our piece of drama started with Katie, playing Katie and Eliot, playing the ra pist, walking towards each other.Katie was walking alone back from a night out at the pub she was a little tipsy and seemed in her own world whilst walking along. Eliot walked towards her from the opposite direction he was also alone and had just come from a night out with the lads. Georgina and Fiona took the roles of narrators and introduced the characters as they walked to the centre stage. Georgina told the audience about Katies bubbly personality, how she was always up for a good night out. Fiona introduced Eliot as a typical lad, told the audience his love for women and how hed go for anything with a pulse.This introduced the characters as they met. When they both reached each other there was a freeze frame. Katie held her arms in the air, protecting her self whilst Eliot held the position of someone about to attack her. They were not touching this would leave the audience in suspense, left to think about what this freeze frame was look to show. As our stimulus for this piece of drama included the newspapers about rape that was what the freeze frame represented although the audience would not know that for sure.As they were frozen, Georgina, Fiona and I walked on stage and started circling the freeze frame, we all acted as if we were going about out daily lives. I was on the think call downing to a friend, Georgina was reading a newspaper and Fiona was talking as if to a friend. This was to represent that the whole world carries on with their lives whilst the rape was happening, perhaps tie into the representation of the Globe in the stimulus room. We included in our story, a way of being able to freeze what was going on, on stage and being able to talk to yourself or your thoughts aloud or to the audience, this was done by clicking the fingers.I think this added suspense as the drama could be immediately stopped at any precise moment and also made the audience feel more involved. As we were all circling the freeze frame, Ruth who played the same cha racter of Katie walked on stage and clicked her fingers. We all froze. Ruth, looking at the scene in front of her, looked distressed and confused. She was saying things like, this is not right, its not like this to herself as she walked up to the frozen scene. As she reached the scene of herself getting raped, she started to change it. She straightened up Katies jacket and did up Eliots tie.She stood in the scene to show that it was her it had happened to, then Ruths character of Katie got a phone call from her young buck, this is who I played. I was asking her to come back to the house because there was something I wanted to ask her. This was where the story was spilt. There was now a what if scenario. The second Katie had got a phone call to go back to the house, so she wouldnt have ever met Eliot in the alley and it wouldnt have happened at all, The first Katie didnt get a phone call from her fop before she took the roundabout way down the alley and ended up getting raped.As ou r performance continued, we showed the same character, Katie, in two different lives, one went home to her swell the other had been raped. Ruths character of Katie who had received the phone call went home to meet her boyfriend. As she opened the door she was greeted by me on one knee. I took her hand and began proposing, I started saying, Ive been thinking about this for a long time now, I want to spend the rest of my life with you Ruth then clicked her fingers, I froze and she walked towards the audience. Ruth began to say her thoughts out loud saying things like Is he really going to do this? and generally showing her excitement to the audience that she was about to be engaged. Ruth then returned standing in front of me and clicked. I carried on with proposing, Katie, will you marry me? Here is where we froze, Ruth left the scene but I stayed in the same position. The first Katie, who had been raped, walked in. I acted exactly the same and began to propose, Ive been thinking a bout this for a long time now Katie walked on by, ignoring me, her boyfriend, muttering quietly, I dont want to talk right now.This Katie is very distressed after being raped that she walked straight past her boyfriend proposing, and out of the room. Here is where we represented the table for one, Katies boyfriend has been left on his own, he was about to ask the most important question of his life and his girlfriend, who he doesnt know has been raped, walked straight past ignoring him. After this scene, the second Katie, who didnt get raped is showing off her engagement ring to her friends played by Georgina and Fiona, in the pub. Although we didnt show it, Katie said yes to her boyfriend and now she is happily engaged.Eliots character, the rapist, is also in the pub. As this Katie hasnt ever come across him she doesnt know who he is but as he walks past her and her friends, Katie kept staring at him and cant help thinking why she recognises him. She doesnt know why, she doesnt kn ow him, but she gets a chill down her spine and has to leave. The final scene of our piece shows the narrators introducing Katie and Eliot exactly the same as at the beginning, they are walking towards each other. This time it is Ruths character of Katie having just left the pub.They freeze in the same positions as Eliot and Katie had done before. So even if Katie had got a phone call from her boyfriend and went back to the house, if she hadnt walked down the alley that night, she still ended up in the situation of rape. This shows that even with the what if, Katie got raped either way. It shows you cant live life thinking, what if Id done something differently as everything happens, and happens for a reason. In this performance I played the boyfriend of Katie and also one of the general members of public walking round the frozen rape scene at the beginning.When I played one of the people walking around the freeze frame I was talking on the phone to a friend, not knowing of the rape that was also happening, this is to represent that everywhere everyone is getting on with their lives while you maybe going through such trauma. I also played Katies boyfriend, who is very much in love with his girlfriend and wants to spend the rest of his life with her. When I was proposing to the Katie who didnt get raped, I proposed to her on one knee, and took her hand in mine, with a big smile on my face as I saw her smiling as I said it.I paused between each line until I finally said, Will you marry me? which I said definitely and seriously but still smiling. When I proposed to the Katie that did get raped, I started just as I did with the other Katie, smiling as I said it until she walked on past me ignoring me, the smile faded and I got up looking very upset and confused at the same time. We used many conventions in this piece freeze frame, narration, thought trailing and cross cutting. We used tableaux during each scene as a way for the narrator or character to speak to t he audience and fill them in on what was happening.We used narrators to help tell the story in more detail, making it easier for the audience to understand and be more involved with the play. register is when you speak to the audience out of role, informing them of details about the play or about the characters in it. Some characters used thought tracking and spoke to the audience in character, to show their inner thoughts we used this whenever we had a freeze frame by clicking the fingers. Thought tracking is where you as an audience can hear the characters thoughts out loud. We also used cross cutting, from the two Katies lives, the Katie that did get raped and the Katie that didnt.This showed how taking just a small detour on your way home could affect your life completely, this added more erudition to the piece, being able to see, visually the what if scenario. Cross cutting is where you switch from one scene to another, freezing in-between. The conventions were all very sound and added more emotion to the piece, being able to hear the characters inner thoughts and also kept the audience more informed with the story and the characters in it. Evaluation For our first piece of drama, the still images for love, hate, war and peace.We had to create four tableaux images for those words and morph between them. The most stiff moment in this piece I think was our tableau for peace and the way we morphed into it. Our image for peace was everyone holding hands in a circle, we evolved into this from everyone in our group heads down in a smaller circle and then we all unitedly stepped back and held hands. I think this was impressive because it flowed nicely and was a good representation of the word. Our group worked very well for our first piece of practical work, everyone contributed ideas and we came out with a good undefiled performance.Ideas I contributed for the still images of love, hate, war and peace were that we should include several different meanings of the words e. g. not only the typical love for another person but also show love for other things like a favourite band or a favourite food, also the way we morphed into the images, I thought it was a good idea to return to one same still image after each of the four images we showed. My ideas were effective for the way we morphed into each of the images, because it flowed well and showed four definite different still images.I think we could have improved it by showing the typical kind of war, between countries, not by having a dead body on the floor and two men standing over him with guns. I didnt think this looked very good and would have been better if we showed it in a less obvious way. We then had to create a piece of drama that explains why hate and war may be justified. The most effective moment of this piece of drama we did, I think was the music playing aboard the performance after we had shown the mother dying.This was effective because as the music was slow and sad it represented the mood of everyone in the family, grief and sadness. For this piece, our group worked well unneurotic, the general picture of the family getting smaller and gradually looking more and more miserable worked well. The ideas our group came up with were effective in that the justifying hate was deep and hidden within the performance, we showed the build up and reason the children ended up hating their father. Ideas I contributed to this piece were to flash back to how the mother died.I think this fitted nicely into the performance as it explained the reason for the mother not being in the next family photograph although I think it would have looked better if we showed her death by symbolising it somehow not sitting in four chairs laid out like a car. The conventions we used in this were freeze frames, flash back and slow motion. These conventions were effective because the freeze frames represented the family photograph which is what we based our story on, the flash back kept the audience more informed as to why the mother had died and the reasons the family had started to fall apart.The slow motion in the car crash made it look more professional and I think worked well. Other conventions we could have added was perhaps more thought tracking, this would have improved the performance as the audience would have been able to hear the individual characters thoughts, what that were feeling and if they did, the reasons they walked out on the family from their point of view. The second piece of practical work we developed was based around the Scream painting. Here we showed the reasons and build up as to why this character was screaming and the aftermath of his suicide.The most effective moment of this performance I though was when Eliot, who played the main character, walked up to each other member of the group in turn and we all just turned our backs on him. This was symbolic of his life, nobody being there for him, nobody appreciating him and everyone turning their back on him. For this piece our group worked well together, all of our ideas made up a good all round performance, when we put all the different sections of the performance together to perform it, it worked well.The idea I contributed to the piece was to revisit the flashbacks in a what if situation, the characters on finding out about Eliots death were all deeply sorry and ashamed of the way they behaved towards him. video display these what if flashbacks I think represented their own thoughts and was effective in the performance. What we could have improved in this piece was the beginning sequence of Eliot doing the scream pose.I think this could have been shown in a more symbolic way as it is symbolic in itself the character wouldnt have screamed like that in a train carriage but it represented the way he felt and linked it to the painting we used as our stimulus. We could have shown it somehow to be in the characters head, his thoughts circling him screaming as he was only screaming inside, until he started to shout at passengers. The conventions we used within this piece were slow and fast motion, freeze frame, flash back, mime and also used music at the beginning of the performance.I think they all added to the performance, the slow and fast motion helped the audience see who the focal character was and also represented the way the world is going so fast around you. We used the freeze frame when Eliot did his scream pose, this worked effectively because it linked the piece back to our stimulus, the scream painting. It showed how the character in our performance was feeling the same, if not was the person in the painting. The flash backs we used helped show the reasons and build up to why this person is screaming, it made the audience understand what has lead him to this and why he ended up committing suicide.The what if flash backs, with some details changed, showed the way the people were thinking, how if they might have behaved different ly towards him then he may not have ended up walking off the bridge. Other conventions we could have added were thought tracking, we could have used this on the main character who does the scream pose. This could have given the play more depth and emotion, it would have helped inform the audience more of what he was thinking and what was going through his mind. The third piece of practical wok we worked on was the childhood scenes.This is where we came up with 6 childhood memories and made a scene or imagery out of them, then we repeated those scenes but with a few details changed so that they were tainted memories, we then showed a scene of some of the characters from the childhood scenes in adult life and flashed back to when they were younger. The 6 childhood memories we worked on were a nativity play, playing in the school playground, playing on a bouncy castle, learning to ride a bike, writing letters to Santa and telling scary stories at a sleep over.I think the most effective moment of this piece was when we flashed back from the adult scene to when they were younger, this showed how the tainted memory had affected that child in adult life and also that all the characters have the same characteristics now they are older when they did when they had stood on stage in a nativity play as very young children. It also worked well as we stood in the same positions and the only change from the adult scene and the flashback was our sudden childish behaviour.For this performance our group worked very well, we had many scenes to put together and when we did it all flowed nicely. Ideas I contributed to this piece was to have the thought tracking of the adults when they were waiting to go on stage, I think it was effective because this showed what they were thinking and how it link up to their character when they were children. Ideas we could have improved to make the performance better was to make the way the scenes had been tainted more obvious.It wasnt too clear to the audience how the scene had been tainted when it was repeated. The conventions we used throughout this piece of drama were flash backs, freeze frame, repetition and thought tracking. These conventions worked effectively in the performance we used the flashback when we went from the adult scene to the nativity play scene. This worked well as it showed the similarities between the adults and the children, also we stayed in the same positions so it was only clear that we had flashed back by our change to acting like children.The freeze frame helped separate each of the childhood scenes and I think gave the scenes the effect of being in someones memory, freezing the scene, then moving to the next one. The repetition showed how a childhood memory could easily be tainted it showed the difference between someones happy childhood memory and someones bad childhood memory. The thought tracking of the adults waiting on stage worked well as it informed the audience what they were thinkin g and how it related to their character when they were younger.Conventions we could have added to improve our piece of drama could be more thought tracking, in the childhood scenes we only knew how the children felt by the way they acted, perhaps if we included some thought tracking for the children it would show how they were feeling in their happy memory and then in their tainted memory. The final piece of drama we did was our final performance, about rape. We showed the life of our character, Katie, in a what if scenario, what her life would be like if she had been raped and if she hadnt. We showed these two different lives alongside each other.The most effective moment of this piece, I think, was showing her boyfriend propose to Katie twice, the one who did get raped and the one who didnt. This showed the contrast between the two and the effect of being raped. For this performance our group worked well together and we all had good ideas that contributed to our final piece. We al l listened to what each other had to say and were all happy with the final performance we came up with. Ideas that I added to this piece were to repeat the beginning scene with the first Katie and Eliot walking towards each other, at the end, with the second Katie.This was to show that even if she hadnt taken a detour home she would have got raped anyway so you shouldnt go through life thinking, what if Id done something differently? It also wrapped up the piece and was a good ending. Another idea I added was to have the narrators introduce Katie and Eliot at the beginning of the piece, this worked well because it showed how Katie was a normal, bubbly girl and that rape could happen to anyone. It also introduced Eliot as a typical lad which similarly shows how anyone could be a rapist.We could have improved this piece by making it easier to understand, maybe by making it slightly simpler. It was a very complicated story line and is difficult to show the life of the same person with two different people, which may have made it more complicated for the audience. The conventions we used in this piece were freeze frames, narration, thought tracking and cross cutting. They were all very effective in the way we used them. We used a freeze frame in nearly every scene, when a character clicked their fingers.This is where the characters had a chance to either narrate or we included thought tracking of the characters here. We used narration to introduce the characters, describe their personality and also inform the audience of what was happening through the story, we used the narration during a freeze frame. This was effective because the audience could not only listen to the narrator but see a still image on stage behind. The thought tracking, we included when we used a freeze frame, this portrayed the feelings and thoughts of the character to the audience at various parts of the story.We used cross cutting when we cut from one Katies life to the other, this was a maj or part of the story, which helped show the two lives side by side. This was very effective as it could show the audience the different lives Katie would lead, if she had been raped and if she hadnt been raped. Other conventions we could have added into the piece would be maybe a flash back into the rapists past. This could have given the performance more depth and perhaps reason as to why someone would end up doing such a thing, it would have explained to the audience what type of person ended up becoming a rapist.